上市公司股权结构对投资决策的影响实证研究

大量研究表明股权结构影响公司价值。从价值的创造过程看，股权结构首先影响公司投资，从而影响公司价值。解释股权结构如何影响公司投资具有非常重要的意义。通过计量经济方法对我国上市公司股权结构如何影响公司投资的研究表明，国有股东控股的公司存在过度投资行为，而非国有股东控股的公司能够较好地控制过度投资。我国国有控股公司现有股权结构导致了扭曲的公司投资决策。     

Optimal designs for a mixed interference model

This paper generalizes Kunert and Martin’s (Ann Stat 28:1728–1742, 2000) method for finding optimal designs under a fixed interference model, to find optimal designs under a mixed interference model. The results are based on the properties of information matrices in fixed and mixed models given in Markiewicz (J Stat Plan Inference 59:127–137, 1997). The method is applied to find a design which is optimal for any given variances of random neighbor effects. Research partially supported by the KBN Grant Number 5 P03A 041 21.     

Location choices of firms and workers in an urban model with heterogeneities in skills and preferences

This paper investigates the location choices of firms and workers, and the implied commuting behavior, in a city comprising several jurisdictions. Jurisdictions are geographically represented by segments that are connected to each other at the center. Each jurisdiction has its own amenities. Workers are classified into types on the basis of their skills and amenity preferences. Firms employ all types of worker. A business area may be formed in the center or in the suburban segments. A monocentric configuration arises when the commuting cost is small and heterogeneity of workers is large.     

高校科技成果转化现实障碍及其破解机制

高校科技成果转化率低的现实早已引起社会各界警觉,但理论研究和实践探索都将权属改革视为破解圭臬,并未实现预期目标。事实上,高校科技成果转化的真正障碍是专利技术水平和转化价值低、专业转化人才与机构缺失、中试环节薄弱且资金匮乏。因此,为了针对高校成果转化痛点精准施策,释放创新驱动效能,我国应改革专利管理体制和科研评价机制,提升专利质量并加大科学研究对企业需求的关照;可借鉴牛津大学的做法,由高校在不增加编制的前提下,独资建立自负盈亏的专业转化服务公司;优化科研经费投入结构,引导多元风险资金进入,健全科技成果转化风险投资机制。     

Corporate governance,accounting and finance: A review

We review accounting and finance research on corporate governance (CG). In the course of our review, we focus on a particularly vexing issue, namely endogeneity in the relationships between CG and other matters of concern to accounting and finance scholars, and suggest ways to deal with it. Given the advent of large commercial CG databases, we also stress the importance of how CG is measured and in particular, the construction of CG indices, which should be sensitive to local institutional arrangements, and the need to capture both internal and external aspects of governance. The ‘stickiness’ of CG characteristics provides an additional challenge to CG scholars. Better theory is required, for example, to explain whether various CG practices substitute for each other or are complements. While a multidisciplinary approach to developing better theory is never without its difficulties, it could enrich the current body of knowledge in CG. Despite the vastness of the existing CG literature, these issues do suggest a number of avenues for future research.     

Ownership concentration, voluntary disclosures and information asymmetry in New Zealand

This paper investigates the impact of different classes of ownership concentration on information asymmetry conditional upon corporate voluntary disclosures in New Zealand. The current paper attempts to extend this stream of research by incorporating three mutually exclusive ownership structures and considering the interactive relationship between such ownership structures and corporate voluntary disclosures. Results reveal that ownership concentration in general is significantly positively associated with bid-ask spreads (proxy for information asymmetry) observed around annual report release dates. This finding supports the adverse selection hypothesis and importantly this effect is found to be most pronounced for financial institutions and management-controlled ownership categories. When voluntary disclosure is taken into account, the findings demonstrate that disclosures significantly attenuate information asymmetry risk associated with ownership concentration. This effect is particularly pronounced for firms with management-controlled ownership structures. The findings highlight the importance of corporate disclosures under concentrated ownership structures especially management-controlled ownership structures in reducing information asymmetry and enhancing market efficiency in New Zealand.     

试论农村信用社体制改革及路径选择

本文从农村信用社的民主管理制度本身进行探讨,研究民主管理制度与当前农村金融的相容性问题。本文的基本判断是：正如自由竞争可能导致垄断一样,合作制所体现的民主管理是一种一厢情愿的制度构想,其所导致的内部人控制是民主制的悖论。因此,如果要继续坚持农村信用社继续为“三农”服务的基本方向,必须在现实上放弃空想式的民主制度,近期实行治理结构的准国有化,远期实行所有制的民营化,并在整体金融领域实行“反向剪刀差”。     

控制股东的掏空行为与公司的股权结构及公司价值——基于双层委托代理模型的分析

本文构建了一个小股东、控制股东和经理人之间的双层委托代理理论分析框架来分析我国上市公司中同时存在的两类代理问题:股东与经理人的利益冲突以及控制股东与小股东的利益冲突。在此基础上着重研究了控制股东掏空行为与公司股权结构及公司价值之间的关系。通过分析指出:(1)均衡状态下,公司的所有权集中程度由公司股东所受投资者法律保护程度决定。随着投资者法律保护程度的增加,小股东最优的投资数量也会增加,公司的所有权结构趋于更加分散。(2)在公司的现金流所有权结构确定的情况下,由股东和经理人之间的信息非对称性引起的股东和经理人之间的利益冲突会减少公司价值,使得控制股东和小股东的利益均受到损害。控制股东掏空资产收益的比例随着其自身现金流所有权的增加而减少,随着其控制权和所有权之间的分离程度而增加,随着投资者法律保护的增加而减少。(3)相对于公司中仅仅存在股东和经理人之间的利益冲突的情形,控制股东的掏空行为会进一步降低公司的价值,而且降低的程度会随着控制股东的控制权和所有权的分离程度的增加而增加。(4)当控制股东完全不能进行掏空时,即使小股东仍然面临由于公司中的第Ⅰ类代理问题引起的利益损害,但均衡时,由于控制股东和小股东之间不存在利...     

Every ending is a new beginning: Poignancy increases consumer preferences for self-made products

Retailers and brands such as IKEA, Home Depot, and Build-a-Bear encourage consumers to ‘make’ their products rather than be passive recipients. While a growing literature explores ‘why’ consumers purchase self-made products, it is less understood ‘how’ marketers can develop effective advertising and marketing communications to promote such products. Building on the functionalist framework of emotion, the present research explores the potential of a mixed emotional appeal – poignancy – that may be useful in enhancing consumer preferences for self-made products. Notably, this effect is mediated by a fresh start mindset and openness to learning. The effect is also attenuated among consumers with a low personal control. In addition to having substantive practical implications to marketers in developing effective communication strategies, this research offers a novel perspective on the effect of poignancy on consumer decision making.     

耕地重金属污染治理生态补偿政策选择与组合研究

研究目的:考察不同规模农户对生态补偿多元政策的偏好及政策间的相互作用,以期为增强耕地重金属污染生态补偿政策的实施效果和构建污染治理长效补偿机制提供参考。研究方法:Mixed Logit模型。研究结果:(1)农户对各类生态补偿政策的偏好程度受经营规模影响显著,规模户偏好技术指导、产量保险和分级收购政策,目前试点的现金补贴政策对其激励不足;(2)技术补偿与资金补偿政策呈显著互补性,当技术补偿缺失时,市场化的分级收购补偿政策激励效果将被弱化。研究结论:耕地重金属污染治理生态补偿需要探索针对性治理技术指导、产量保险、分级收购等新政策,同时对补偿政策进行合理组合。