供应链关系资本对企业创新绩效的影响研究

针对受国外技术和市场牵引较严重的4个制造类企业,构建了供应链关系资本、需求拉动型吸收能力和创新绩效三者间的概念模型,实施问卷调查,用结构方程模型验证假设。得到的结果表明：以信任为基础的供应链关系资本能够促进企业及时获取和掌握市场信息和技术知识,从而提高创新绩效。但是,样本企业供应链关系资本中的关系承诺维度对知识吸收的促进作用有待加强;需求拉动型吸收能力的知识转化和利用环节对于创新进程的促进作用有待提高。     

The intrinsic fallacy of market mechanism and private property rights in alleviating the tragedy of the commons

ABSTRACT

Economists’ solution to the tragedy of the commons relies on well-defined property rights and competitive market mechanism for limiting individuals’ self-serving, short-sighted actions that result in a dramatic depletion of the common resources. However, this solution implicates a serious threat in terms of sustainability. Recently, deterioration of genetic diversity reached alarming levels, mainly attributed to escalating economic pressure that obliges farmers to shift from local breeds towards more profitable and more productive industrial breeds. This study empirically examines the efficiency of the free market mechanism as a solution to the tragedy of the commons through a unique natural experiment in which a huge demand shock arises regarding sheep. Results robustly show that the free market mechanism can cope with even a very challenging demand shock through the adjustment of prices without any shortage of the commodity. However, this finding does not guarantee that such an outcome is sustainable over the very long term. Analysis of the growth rate of the local sheep breeds population and cross-breed sheep population shows that the trend is overwhelmingly in favour of cross-breeds, thus supporting concerns for a free market mechanism, intrinsically driving the extinction of local sheep breeds, an invaluable genetic resource.     

The optimal tax on antebellum US cotton exports

The US produced about 80% of the world’s cotton in the decades prior to the Civil War. How much monopoly power did the US possess in the world cotton market and what would have been the effect of an optimal export tax? This paper estimates the elasticity of foreign demand for US cotton exports and uses the elasticity in a simple partial equilibrium model to calculate the optimal export tax and its effect on prices, trade, and welfare. The results indicate that the export demand elasticity for US cotton was about −1.7 and that the optimal export tax of about 50% would have raised US welfare by about $10 million, about 0.3% of US GDP or about 1% of the South’s GDP.     

我国利率传导机制有效性：基于货币幻觉的实证研究

本文将货币幻觉纳入投资函数和储蓄函数．并利用2000年9月到2006年8月的月度数据，经过HP滤波处理后采用Almon多项式分布滞后模型估计出投资函数和储蓄函数。我们发现在考虑货币幻觉的情况下，一方面，投资者存在货币幻觉且利率对投资有很好的调控作用，另一方面，储户不存在货币幻觉并且利率对储蓄的调控作用不明显，其原因可能是社保制度的缺位增强了储户的安全性动机以及投资渠道的不完善导致了储蓄的利率刚性。     

中国内地与香港反洗钱合作问题研究

洗钱问题是世界各国面临的一个严重的金融犯罪问题。中国内地与香港反洗钱合作具有一定的法律基础和现实条件。尽管两地反洗钱合作的成效取决于反洗钱机制的成本和收益,并受到多种因素的影响,但在合力打击洗钱活动中都负有不可推卸的责任。内地与香港应该采取切实有效的相关措施,积极开展多元化、全方位的反洗钱合作,共同维护两地经济金融秩序的正常运行。     

我国政府采购制度完善若干重点问题探析

我国政府采购改革已取得显著成效，有中国特色的政府采购制度体系已基本形成。但政府采购制度建设中也存在不少问题，如政府采购规范范围不明确不确定、政府采购运行机制和管理体制不协调、政府需求规划和预算控制未能发挥应有的作用、政府采购政策功能缺乏具体的实施措施、加入WTO《政府采购协议》面临的问题等。本文针对这些重点问题分别进行了探讨，并就政府采购制度进一步完善提出了思路和建议。     

对东北地区增值税转型的思考

增值税转型的突出问题是财政缺口,弥补这个缺口需要寻找更多的财政收入来源;投资过热也不容忽视,应扩大试点范围,对投资正确引导,均衡投资,避免盲目集中投资;就业问题关系社会稳定也要关注,国家完善社会保障制度,可缓解就业压力。企业的减负效果不太明显,随着制度的不断完善,会有改观,企业应做长远的打算。     

On the Segregation of Genetically Modified,Conventional and Organic Products in European Agriculture: A Multi‐market Equilibrium Analysis

Evaluating the possible benefits of the introduction of genetically modified (GM) crops must address the issue of consumer resistance as well as the complex regulation that has ensued. In the European Union (EU), this regulation envisions the co‐existence of GM food with conventional and quality‐enhanced products, mandates the labelling and traceability of GM products and allows only a stringent adventitious presence of GM content in other products. All these elements are brought together within a partial equilibrium model of the EU agricultural food sector. The model comprises conventional, GM and organic food. Demand is modelled in a novel fashion, whereby organic and conventional products are treated as horizontally differentiated but GM products are vertically differentiated (weakly inferior) relative to conventional ones. Supply accounts explicitly for the land constraint at the sector level and for the need for additional resources to produce organic food. Model calibration and simulation allow insights into the qualitative and quantitative effects of the large‐scale introduction of GM products in the EU market. We find that the introduction of GM food reduces overall EU welfare, mostly because of the associated need for costly segregation of non‐GM products, but the producers of quality‐enhanced products actually benefit.