Cost per additional responder for ixekizumab and other FDA-approved biologics in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis

Background: Evidence of the cost-efficacy of ixekizumab for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis (PsO) in the US is limited.

Objective: To estimate the number needed to treat (NNT) and monthly cost of achieving one additional Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75, 90, and 100 responder for ixekizumab and other Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved biologics in PsO.

Methods: A network meta-analysis estimated the probability of achieving PASI 75, 90, or 100 response during induction for each biologic. NNTs were calculated using response difference of each respective biologic vs placebo at the end of induction. Monthly costs per additional PASI responder were based on FDA-approved doses, wholesale acquisition costs, and induction NNTs.

Results: Induction NNTs for ixekizumab 80?mg once every 2 weeks (Q2W) relative to placebo were consistently lower across all levels of clearance compared with the other biologics. Monthly cost per additional responder was lowest for ustekinumab 45?mg at PASI 75 and for secukinumab 300?mg and ixekizumab 80?mg Q2W at PASI 90. Ixekizumab 80?mg Q2W had the lowest cost for PASI 100.

Conclusion: In this analysis, ixekizumab is the most cost-efficient biologic in the US when targeting complete resolution, as measured by PASI 100 in PsO.     

烷烃异构化催化剂的研究进展

对烷烃异构化催化剂的发展进行了综述。根据使用温度对异构化催化剂进行了分类,讨论了3种不同反应温度的催化剂特点,其中中温型催化剂的反应条件温和,是目前工业化应用最多的催化剂。介绍了合成催化剂的活性金属和载体以及催化剂的评价方法,异构化率和催化剂的稳定性是考察催化剂的关键因素,指出了烷烃异构化催化剂今后的研究方向。     

检验检疫系统预算管理的困境及对策思考

预算管理对检验检疫系统提升管理效益、加强资金运作具有重要的作用。但当前部分单位在进行预算管理时仍存在意识淡漠等问题,使预算管理难以发挥其应有的作用。剖析导致当前预算管理存在问题的成因,并找出相应的完善对策具有重要的现实意义。     

重油催化裂化柴油加氢改质的研究

利用研制的柴油加氢改质催化剂,在200 mL小型单段串联加氢装置上,在反应温度365℃、反应压力8.0 MPa、体积空速1.5 h~(-1)、氢油体积比500:1的加氢工艺条件下,对蓝星石油有限公司大庆分公司重油催化裂化柴油进行加氢改质试验,加氢后的柴油十六烷值提高14.3个单位,柴油硫含量小于50μg/g。     

基于旅游者角度的中国旅游区划分研究

根据游客消费行为特征中的旅游者访问频率、逗留时间以及旅游景点市场份额之间的关系,本文引入旅游显性比较优势、旅游位序比指数,采用四象限分类法将旅游区分为重点旅游区、深渊旅游区、崛起旅游区和传统旅游区四类。本文进一步结合Bulter的旅游地生命周期理论和Plog的旅游者心理学分类理论研究基于旅游者角度的旅游区划分在旅游市场营销中以及旅游流预测中的应用价值。     

The Wolf Is Coming?——Multinationals's Entry and Effect on China's Manufacturing Industry

Nowadays,China has become the country that introduces the largest amount of foreign capital.Up to June 2008,the accnmulative total number of foreign-invested enterprises in China is over 632 thousand;the total amount of actual use of foreign capital is over US＄582 billion.There are over 400 multinationals of top 500 investing in China,30 of which set up regional headquarters,and the number of R & D institutions funded by foreign firms is over 600.The investment from multinationals has become the mainstream of China's FDI.     

重庆直辖十年入境旅游市场特征分析及趋势预测

1997年直辖以来,重庆入境旅游得到较为迅速的发展,入境旅游人数和外汇收入均有较快的增长。从入境旅游者的来源地区看,来渝旅游的外国游客中,美洲第一、亚洲第二、欧洲第三,而全国的排名依次是亚洲、欧洲、美洲、大洋洲,说明在吸引亚洲市场方面还有待提高;从入境游客消费结构来看,重庆与全国基本相同。可运用时间序列模型中的曲线拟合方法,对重庆入境旅游人数和旅游收入进行预测。     

R&D expenditures and firm growth – is small beautiful?

ABSTRACT

This paper examines how efficiently different groups of firms use their R&D expenditures. To this end, it investigates how the empirical relationship between firms' R&D expenditures and their sales growth varies with different values of firm size, firm age, and the number of firms in the respective industry. Using panel data for Switzerland ranging from 1995 to 2012, the paper finds that smaller, more mature firms show a more positive relation between R&D expenditures and sales growth than both relatively larger or younger firms. The paper argues that, on the one hand, these firms can benefit from various small size advantages in the R&D process, such as more motivated researchers, caused by a stronger connection to the firm's fate. On the other hand, these firms can also benefit from a well-established R&D department that allows absorbing the latest technological developments. The paper further finds that industries consisting of many small firms show a more positive relation between R&D expenditures and sales growth than industries consisting of only a few large firms. The intuition behind this result is that industries consisting of many small firms imply more independent innovative trials, which then together result in a higher probability of discovering successful innovations. In sum, the paper finds that groups consisting of a large number of small, more mature firms spend their R&D in the most efficient way.     

LTE系统中利用信道估计的天线端口数检测算法

长期演进(LTE）系统中使用多输入多输出(MIMO)技术来改善通信质量并提升信道容量。天线端口数通过循环冗余校验（CRC）掩码的方式隐含于物理广播信道（PBCH）中,遍历1、2、4三种天线端口数情况,分别作为PBCH解码配置,以CRC校验通过并且PBCH解码成功作为确定天线端口数的标志,从而造成冗余计算和时延的产生。为此,提出了一种基于信道估计的天线端口数检测算法,利用正交频分复用（OFDM）调制的LTE信号在空口环境中受频偏和时延影响,造成信道估计结果相位的线性累加,再通过线性回归方程的门限匹配,解决天线端口数检测中频偏影响大、计算量过多和盲检等问题。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法复杂度低、时延小,且在残余频偏较大时具有较高的正确率。     

机关事业单位养老保险制度改革的收入再分配效应

论文采用精算方法,选择终身净转移额和内部收益率两大指标,从全国和地区两个层面,定量分析了机关事业单位养老保险制度改革的代内再分配效应和代际再分配效应。研究结果表明:养老保险制度改革对城镇职工、其他制度模式下的参保群体、不同地区、代与代之间的收入再分配效应,主要取决于工资增长率和利率的动态组合,新制度既可以发挥正向的代内再分配效应和代际再分配效应,也可能会引起代内不公平和代际不公平,而且再分配效应会随缴费年限增加而增强。