Assessing cross-cultural marketing theory and research: A commentary essay

Cross-cultural research (CCR) is extremely important for advancing understanding of the range and limits of theoretical constructs and frameworks across different cultural contexts. CCR also provides an important understanding of the differences between countries and cultures. This commentary essay examines the review conducted by Engelen and Brettel (2010) and comments on shortcomings, as well as identifying areas where more needs to be done. A critical first step is to properly define the unit of analysis. This step is particularly critical as the concept of “national culture” is becoming increasingly less relevant and the appropriate culture unit for examination is often a smaller, more homogeneous grouping within a given geographic location. This view allows more meaningful inferences to be made and controls for possible contextual confounds, as well as providing a richer understanding of the limits of national culture in an increasingly global economy.     

National culture, networks and ethnic entrepreneurship: A comparison of the Indian and Chinese immigrants in the US

This paper uses a combination of national cultural frameworks and social capital theory to explain the formation and management of entrepreneurial ventures among immigrant communities. The varying rates of venture formation and performance among different ethnic groups points to the role that the different dimensions of culture play in how immigrants use their social networks to start such firms. We use the specific example of the Indian and Chinese communities in the US to demonstrate this effect and explain how businesses created by members of these communities could have potentially different ways of starting and operating that can be directly traced to the differences in cultural orientation of their owners. What emerges can be summarized as: (a) different immigrant communities have different ways of accumulating and using social capital in starting and managing their ethnic ventures; (b) these dissimilarities manifest themselves in variations in the motives for forming these ventures, human resource practices and termination rates; and (c) that these variations can partly be explained by the differences in their respective national cultures.     

论美国关税法337条款在GATT1994下的合法性——基于国际判例的思考

对337条款在GATT1994下合法性的正确评判,将会影响对337条款的态度及应对策略的制定.20世纪80年代,加拿大和欧共体曾经分别在关贸总协定体系内挑战过337条款的合法性.第一个案件专家组报告肯定了该案中337条款的合法性,第二个案件专家组报告对337条款的合法性总体上予以肯定,但也指出了337条款四个具体违法之...     

社保基金投资监管模式的选择——基于全国社会保障基金管理分析

本文在分析全国社会保障基金投资管理运营现状的基础上,指出我国现行全国社会保障基金投资管理监管模式的不足,在对比几种监管模式优劣之后,给出了完善全国社会保障基金投资监管的建议和方法。     

《全民健身计划（2011—2015年）》推行背景下农村学校体育教育的现状分析和对策研究

随着《全民健身计划（2011—2015年）》的推行,农村学校体育教育的开展也在方兴未艾的进行着。但从当前状况来看,我国绝大部分农村还存在着农村各阶层对学校体育教育重视程度不够、农村学校体育师资队伍不整齐、农村学校体育教育与城市学校体育教育严重脱节等问题。针对这一现状,本文将《全民健身计划（2011—2015年）》提出的相关政策置立于农村学校体育教育中进行规律性研究,并提出创新性对策。     

国内外养老保险制度的状况及差异分析

国内外养老保险在模式上、养老保险基金运作机制以及养老保险管理制度上存在差异.美国的养老保险制度注重政府保障与雇主保障、个人保障的有机结合、充分发挥市场功能、注重养老金投资管理;英国养老金个人账户体系更加适合现代快节奏生活和工作经常变化的社会需求;日本农民在许多方面享有与城市居民同等的待遇;韩国采取的是双轨并行的养老金制...     

我国国民福祉演进轨迹及其政策效应

国民福祉可以通过经济、社会、文化、环境等客观指标加以体现。运用国民福祉评价模型对1996~2009年间我国四大区域及全国31个省级行政区国民福祉的时空演进特征进行实证分析,检视我国区域协调发展战略的政策效应,并结合以人为本的科学发展理念和构建和谐社会的目标,提出进一步协调我国区域发展的政策方向。我国在发展经济过程中,应重点关注经济增长对国民福祉的提高程度。     

京族文化生态旅游开发可持续发展研究

广西京族文化生态旅游在具有得天独厚的资源优势的同时也存在发展滞后的现状和制约因素。为了让有限的资源发挥出应有的经济效益和社会效益,要从开发、利用、保护好广西京族文化生态旅游资源,促进民族旅游持续发展角度,探索出促进其发展的对策。     

我国高储蓄率的成因及其对策探析

本文从储蓄结构深化研究我国高储蓄率的成因,提出降低我国储蓄率的思路主要是降低企业储蓄率和政府储蓄率。具体对策是尽快出台调整企业储蓄率政策;进一步完善社会保障体系;改革金融市场、健全金融机构及完善金融体制,还有合理调节收入分配差距。     

民族传统精神在90后大学教育中的作用——以科学人文为视角

在这提倡科学与人文的时代里,民族传统精神文化在90后大学教育中是重要且必要的。对于大学精神的培育和形成来说,传统精神文化的教育正是与其相辅相成的。在科学发展观的指导下,如何将传统精神的感知和实践融会贯通到大学教育中,以达到水乳交融的效果,亦是当前需要去努力探索的重点。