A tourist kit ‘made in Italy’: An ‘intelligent’ system for implementing new generation destination cards

This study investigates the advantages and the potentiality of the ‘tourist kit’, an Italian solution based on the concept of a prepaid card that is issued by a large postal operator. The destination card can be reloaded by tourists according to their needs and its validity is not restricted to short periods. Thus, the kit provides tourists with an integrated, practical, and flexible tool capable of making their stay more enjoyable as it allows cardholders to choose and buy many products and services at discounted prices. The kit creates customer loyalty by utilising smart technology aimed at collecting accurate tourist information. This model deserves attention because it is probably the world's first case of a large postal operator entering the tourism sector with the proposal of an integrated and advanced destination card scheme. This research also discusses interesting opportunities and challenges related to the implementation of new generation tourist cards.     

Role of search for domain knowledge and architectural knowledge in alliance partner selection

Research Summary: The literature on technological alliances emphasizes that search for knowledge drives alliance formation. However, in conceptualizing technological knowledge, prior work on alliances has not made a distinction between domain knowledge—knowledge that firms possess in distinct technological domains—and architectural knowledge—knowledge that firms possess about how to combine elements from different technological domains. We argue that firms seek partners that are similar in domain knowledge to deepen their knowledge, and partners that are dissimilar in architectural knowledge to broaden their knowledge. Our results indicate that the likelihood of alliance formation increases when two firms are similar in domain knowledge and dissimilar in architectural knowledge. Further, our results show that these effects are positively moderated by the degree of decomposability of a firm's knowledge base. Managerial Summary: In dynamic environments, companies need to continually deepen and broaden their technological knowledge, and they often look for alliance partners who can provide them that knowledge. For knowledge deepening, companies are more likely to form alliances with those companies that have expertise in similar technological fields. For knowledge broadening, they are more likely to form alliances with those companies that have expertise in the same technological fields, but have different recipes for combining knowledge from those fields. Furthermore, a company with a modular knowledge base is more likely to seek a partner that has expertise in similar technological fields or whose recipes for combining knowledge from different technological fields are different from the recipes it has.     

Size of nested cities

Models of cities based on conventional spatial market theory are unable to replicate a realistic size distribution. The stochastic process approach to size distribution, which assumes proportionate growth, does not provide an economic foundation for spatial trades. There is an apparent irreconcilability. We propose that since there is a continuum of equilibria in models of spatial markets with endogenous location, proportionate growth can work as equilibrium selection. We present computations for an urban configuration that has not been presented in the literature before. A small city locates inside a larger city's agricultural supply zone. This generates a larger variation in city size that may include a realistic size distribution.     

论品牌竞争力的来源及其形成过程

品牌的本质是企业与消费者之间的无形契约,品牌反映的关系是企业与消费者之间的契约关系。本文从竞争力的经济学解释入手,分析并指出品牌差别优势是品牌竞争力的源泉,要素优势转化是品牌差别优势形成的关键,顾客感知是品牌优势通向品牌竞争力的桥梁。     

创业网络结构属性如何影响创业学习方式的选择——基于印记理论的单案例研究

创业网络对具有新进入缺陷的新创企业以及创业者而言有着至关重要的作用,不仅表现为"知识源"作用,也表现为"印记源"作用。印记理论指出个体或组织在其容易受到影响的时期,外部环境的显著特征将对其产生重大影响,个体和组织将打上环境特征的烙印,并且这种烙印将持续影响个体和组织的行为。基于此,本研究基于印记理论,利用对一家创业企业的归纳式纵向单案例分析探讨创业网络不同的结构属性经由何种印记过程,继而影响创业者学习方式的选择。结果表明：当创业网络表现为封闭、半开放以及开放的不同网络结构时,经由不同结构属性导致的结构印记和认知印记过程差异,影响着创业者实验式学习、观察式学习以及协同式学习的不同选择。     

农产品流通体制演进与契约行为

市场行为、市场价格的形成都是用契约关系来联结的,契约关系的紧密程度决定了市场的发育程度。基于契约行为与交易协调机制的基本分析框架,回顾我国农产品流通体制的改革历程,考察农产品流通市场契约化的进程,即关系交易向契约交易的转变,以及契约的价格由计划定价向市场形成价格的转变两个方面。加快农产品流通市场改革,将促进我国市场经济体制改革的发展。     

大型水利工程信用风险的形成路径及治理对策

基于业主与承包商的博弈模型,从一次和多次博弈两方面剖析了大型水利工程中承包商信用缺失动机的形成机理,并根据行为心理学理论分析信用风险的形成路径。结果表明:强监督力度、强惩罚力度、适度奖励是有效控制承包商信用风险的途径。在此基础上建立信用风险的动态管理机制,为大型水利工程中的信用风险系统管理提供参考。     

双重网络嵌入、价值模块整合与物联网商业模式关系研究

旨在探讨双重网络嵌入（技术子网络嵌入、业务子网络嵌入）、价值模块整合对物联网商业模式的影响,从而揭示物联网商业模式构建路径。提出了双重网络嵌入、价值模块整合与物联网商业模式三者之间关系的研究假设,应用层次回归分析方法对142份问卷调查数据进行了实证检验。结果表明,技术子网络嵌入、业务子网络嵌入对物联网商业模式具有显著正向影响;价值模块整合对物联网商业模式具有显著正向影响;技术子网络嵌入、业务子网络嵌入对价值模块整合具有显著正向影响;价值模块整合分别在技术子网络嵌入、业务子网络嵌入对物联网商业模式的影响中起完全中介作用。     

众筹平台双边市场特性与竞争策略研究

当前,众筹平台逐渐分化为综合型与垂直型众筹平台,其用户规模和交易费率都存在显著差异,需要制定有针对性的竞争策略。根据众筹模式特征,构建了Hotelling竞争模型,分组实证考察了综合型和垂直型众筹平台双边用户交叉网络外部性、支持者自网络外部性和平台定价的综合影响。结果表明,在综合型众筹平台中,支持者规模对支持者投资需求产生了显著正自网络外部性;而在垂直型众筹平台中,支持者规模对发起者筹资需求、发起者规模对支持者投资需求均产生了显著的正交叉网络外部性,且平台定价显著负向影响发起者筹资需求。     

集群中核心企业网络权力对配套企业合作行为的影响

网络权力是企业网络中的热点问题之一。探讨了在中国集群情境下,核心企业网络权力对与之合作的配套企业合作行为的影响,同时引入关系资本,探究其调节效应。运用理论与实证研究方法,基于对238份企业调查数据的分析,研究得出：核心企业知识权力、地位权力及感召权力均与配套企业合作行为正相关;此外,关系资本正向调节核心企业网络权力与配套企业合作行为之间的关系。