技术创新网络中企业生态位对二元式创新的影响

以2005-2015年我国电子信息企业技术专利面板数据为研究样本,采用负二项回归模型,探讨了企业技术生态位对二元式创新绩效的影响,并分析了中心度对两者关系的调节作用。研究发现:技术生态位宽度对探索式创新绩效和利用式创新绩效存在显著正向影响;技术生态位重叠度与利用式创新绩效呈倒U型关系;网络中心度正向调节技术生态位宽度与二元式创新的关系,负向调节技术生态位重叠度与利用式创新的关系。研究结论可为企业改善技术生态位及构建网络资源优势提供理论依据。     

Socially responsible investing (SRI): From mainstream to margin?

This article discusses the place of ethics within socially responsible investing (SRI) and tries to understand whether the debate about the spread of SRI strategies for all asset management practices (SRI mainstreaming) is necessary for SRI development. We conclude that the mainstreaming of SRI in global investment funds has transformed the original goal of “making good” into a quest for profitability. We also add that SRI must place ethics at the center of the debate in order to regain the primary virtuous logic it had when it was still part of a “margin” or niche market.     

基于战略生态位管理理论的战略性新兴产业创新系统研究

回顾了战略生态位管理(SNM)理论,丰富和完善了SNM理论体系,运用SNM理论归纳了战略性新兴产业创新系统的理论架构。在分析创新系统要素与作用机理的基础上,构建了战略性新兴产业创新系统及相关模型。提出应在创新系统中通过战略生态位空间的构建、优化和突变,使得技术生态位成功过渡到市场生态位,突破"技术制度锁定"效应,实现产业变革。     

技术生态位对企业绩效的影响研究：技术宽度和技术重叠度整合视角

文章定义技术生态位为企业技术能力相对位置和发展潜力，用以刻画竞争视角下企业技术能力全貌，在整合技术宽度和技术重叠度基础上，发展出"技术追随型""技术多样型""技术专长型"和"技术平衡型"四类技术生态位。在实证中使用了2011-2018年沪深医药上市公司面板数据，比较了不同技术生态位企业的短期绩效和长期绩效。结果显示，相对于"技术追随型"企业，"技术多样型"、"技术专长型"和"技术平衡型"企业有更高的短期绩效；且"技术多样型"、"技术专长型"企业有更高的长期绩效；相对"技术多样型"企业，"技术平衡型"企业有更高的短期绩效，二者在长期绩效上的差别不显著。技术生态位分类有助于更全面准确地测量企业技术能力，从而更清晰地解释技术能力对企业绩效的作用机制，也为理解企业技术能力演化过程提供了新视角。     

Adapting Strategic Niche Management for evaluating radical transport policies--the case of the Durham Road Access Charging Scheme

Transport systems in the UK are facing severe problems of congestion, rising energy use and pollution. One response to this is the move from local authorities to gradually introduce Travel Demand Management (TDM)¹ strategies, but these measures involve a complicated set of institutions, processes, people and procedures.The old road-building transport policy regime involved a relatively simple system of actors and processes around which expertise, knowledge, and skills had built up over many decades. The result of this is particularly evident for more radical demand management measures (such as congestion charging, workplace parking fees and high occupancy vehicle lanes), which often get held up or discarded due to controversy, disagreements, unanticipated problems, and a whole host of delaying factors. If they ever get implemented, they tend to be watered-down and consequently less effective.One potential way to analyse these problems and identify possible solutions is the use of Strategic Niche Management (SNM). SNM is rooted in organisational innovation diffusion theory and provides a structure to evaluate and manage the introduction of new and innovative transport technologies. This paper introduces Strategic Niche Management and explores transferring this technique for evaluating TDM policy measures. The resulting technique is applied retrospectively to the case of the Durham Road Charging scheme, selected as an example for this paper.     

基于依赖关系视角的缝隙型企业分类研究——平衡快速成长与套牢风险的策略

在商业生态系统中,缝隙型企业是参与数量最多的企业,作为系统主体,相关问题的系统研究却比较薄弱。以商业生态系统为理论基础,从缝隙型企业与核心企业之间依赖关系的视角,探讨在不同耦合程度下缝隙型企业如何管理快速成长与套牢风险的平衡。首先归纳出耦合程度的影响因素,再从灵敏度和脆弱性两个维度建立情境模型,据此划分出4类特定的缝隙型企业,分别讨论这4类企业的特征及相应的策略。     

Competitive relationships between traditional and contemporary telecommunication services in Taiwan

This study sets out to examine the competitive relationships that exist within the telecommunications market using the niche theory on the personal gratifications and system gratifications dimensions. The findings from the analysis of 363 survey responses indicate that traditional and contemporary telecommunication services offer different specializations to satisfy their consumers. Overall, mobile telecommunication services partially replace wired services, on personal gratifications dimensions in particular. The system gratifications dimensions of the wired telecommunication services facilitate the existence of wired services. New telecommunication services (3G and VoIP) partially replace old telecommunication services (home landline and 2G) in providing greater satisfaction in entertainment. The results also demonstrate that VoIP does not impose competitive displacement effects on home landline, 2G, and 3G services. Limitation and suggestions are discussed.     

港口发展的生态位理论研究

以生态位理论为基础,通过对港口生态位的特点及规律的分析,提出了港口生态位模型和港口生态位竞争合作理论;并从生态位态势、生态位扩充、共生、生态位协同进化和生态系统理论等角度阐述了港口生态位进化机理,突破了传统的港口理论研究方法,为港口的可持续发展提供了新的生态方向。     

The Impact of Power Distance Belief on Consumers' Brand Preferences

Five lab studies and a field study explore how power distance belief (PDB) influences consumers' preference for mass-market versus niche brands, the underlying mechanisms, and boundary conditions. We find that high (vs. low) PDB consumers are more likely to prefer mass-market over niche brands because they tend to be risk averse, which in turn increases preference for widely used brands. Consequently, the relationship between PDB and brand preferences is mediated by risk aversion. Further, when product usage contexts are risky, low (but not high) PDB consumers' preference for mass-market brands increases, whereas offering an extended money-back guarantee increases high (but not low) PDB consumers' preference for niche brands. In addition, we find that when choosing service providers (versus choosing physical goods), low (but not high) PDB consumers are significantly more likely to prefer mass-market brands over niche brands. We conclude with the implications of these findings for marketers, such as for their segmentation and targeting endeavors. We also provide specific tools that marketers could use, both inside and outside the store, to influence consumers' preference for mass-market versus niche brands.     

中国-以色列高科技生态位耦合创新模式研究

基于创新生态系统生态位视角,探讨中以高科技创新合作内在机理。运用理论演绎和实例分析方法,分析中以生态位耦合创新4种基本合作模式的特点及相关风险,并对中以典型合作项目双方创新“态”和“势”进行比较研究。结果发现,中以高科技创新合作耦合模式选择建立在对合作双方创新“态”和“势”综合分析的基础上,其依赖方式和关系强弱受合作绩效的影响,并呈现出不同模式间的转换。