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101.
This paper develops a model of North-South trade with multinational firms and economic growth in order to analyze formally the effects of stronger intellectual property rights (IPR) protection in developing countries. In the model, Northern firms invent new higher-quality products, multinational firms transfer manufacturing operations to the South and the Southern firms imitate products produced by multinational firms. It is shown that stronger IPR protection in the South (i.e., the adoption and implementation of the TRIPs agreement) leads to a permanent increase in the rate of technology transfer to the South within multinational firms, a permanent increase in R&D employment by Southern affiliates of Northern multinationals, a permanent decrease in the North-South wage gap, and a temporary increase in the Northern innovation rate. 相似文献
102.
103.
Abstract This study uses panel data on Canadian establishments to explore the relationship between the organization of work – in particular decentralization, information‐sharing, and incentive pay schemes – and innovation. Like other studies, ours finds a clear positive link between these factors. However, the data give strong indications that this relationship is not causal. We show that: (1) the correlation between workplace organization and innovation holds for information‐sharing but is much weaker for decentralized decision‐making or incentive pay programs, (2) controls for unobserved heterogeneity significantly weaken results, and (3) lagged variables give no clear evidence that organizational changes predate innovation. 相似文献
104.
Kazuyuki Motohashi 《中国与世界经济(英文版)》2010,18(6):56-72
This paper investigates the R&D motivations of various multinationals operating in China, drawing on a large-scale, firm-level dataset of official Chinese statistics on science and technology activities. The present study shows that R&D efforts in China have intensified for bothJbreign-owned and domestic firms, but less so for foreign-owned firms, perhaps because foreign-owned firms tend to operate on a foundation of technological capabilities developed within their home countries. Statistical analysis confirms that the major motivations for foreign R&D in China are production-driven, not market-driven or technology-driven. Nevertheless, one sees significant variations in foreign R&D strategies from region to region. Guangdong is characterized by production-driven R&D. In Beijing, R&D strategies tend to take a technology-driven approach, drawing on the clusters of scienl(fic institutions. In Shanghai, the R&D efforts of multinationals tend to focus on support for market-driven R&D, 相似文献
105.
Roman Horvath 《Economic Modelling》2011,28(6):2669-2673
We examine the effect of research and development (R&D) on long-term economic growth using the Bayesian model averaging (BMA) to deal rigorously with model uncertainty. Previous empirical studies, which applied BMA, investigated the effect of dozens of regressors on long-term growth, but they did not examine the effect of R&D due to data unavailability. We extend these studies by proposing to capture the investment in R&D by the number of Nobel prizes in science. Using our indicator, the estimates show that R&D exerts a positive effect on long-term growth. This result is robust to many different parameter and model prior structures as well as to alternative definitions of R&D indicator. 相似文献
106.
Pratap S. Birthal Devesh Roy Md. Tajuddin Khan Digvijay Singh Negi 《The Developing economies》2015,53(2):122-134
Using data from a nationally representative farm survey in India, we have analyzed Indian farmers' stated preference for farming as a profession. Findings show that more than 40% of farmers dislike farming as a profession because of low profits, high risk, and lack of social status, yet they continue with it owing to a lack of opportunities outside agriculture. Farmers who express a preference for moving out of agriculture are mostly those with small landholdings, poor irrigation facilities, fewer productive assets including livestock, and follow a cereal‐centric cropping pattern. They also have relatively lower access to credit, insurance, and information, and are weakly integrated with social networks such as self‐help groups and farmers' organizations. Importantly, the disinclination for farming, conditional on other covariates, is not significantly differentiated by caste, an important indicator of social status in rural India. Yet, within a caste group, the dislike for farming moderates with larger landholdings. 相似文献
107.
This paper updates and extends the time-series evidence on the convergence of international incomes using a set of 29 countries
over the period 1900–2001. Time-series tests for stochastic convergence are supplemented with tests which provide evidence
on the notion of “β-convergence” predicted by the Solow model. The evidence indicates that the relative income series of 21
countries are consistent with stochastic convergence, and that β-convergence has occurred in at least 16 countries at some
point during the twentieth century. Further examination of the properties of the β-convergence test provides anecdotal evidence
of conditional convergence in three additional countries for which the convergence hypothesis was initially rejected. Consideration
of convergence clubs strengthens the evidence in favor of convergence. Analysis of the cross-country dispersion of incomes
over time also suggests that convergence has occurred over the 1900–2001 period, particularly within certain clubs, with structural
breaks associated with World War II in many countries causing a break in the convergence process.
相似文献
108.
严明贵 《安徽工业大学学报(社会科学版)》2007,24(6):103-105
学生写作中经常出现词汇、语法、措辞等方面的错误,教师在教学中应分析其错误形成的原因,正确对待其错误,努力改进教学方法和评价手段,鼓励学生自主学习,以提高学生文化修养和作文质量。 相似文献
109.
110.
近些年来,居民的消费需求扩张的主要支撑力为消费结构,因此,在我国遭遇金融危机的时刻,为了扩大内需、开启新一轮消费的热点以及保持经济的持续快速增长,研究我国的居民消费结构升级及相关问题具有非常重大的战略意义。文中首先讲述了居民消费结构升级及其内在动因,其次对我国居民的消费结构升级发展趋势进行了论述,最后就国内企业市场营销所存在的问题以及4P+4C的营销策略展开了讨论。 相似文献