基于结构分解的居民消费品载能碳排放变动分析

本文建立投入产出模型,基于可比价投入产出序列表测算中国居民消费品载能碳排放量;基于结构分解方法分析影响居民消费品载能碳排放的主要因素并量化其贡献率。结果显示,样本期内我国居民消费品载能碳排放变动的影响因素按贡献率绝对值由大到小排列依次是:居民消费水平、部门排放强度、部门中间生产需求结构、人口规模及居民消费结构。其中,消费水平与人口规模均表现为持续的正效应,部门排放强度表现为持续的负效应,中间需求与消费结构的贡献率则经历从负到正的变动,总体上表现为正效应。研究表明该阶段我国居民消费模式的变动尚缺少低碳维度的有力支撑。     

基于CD—ESDA模型的新疆产业用水增长质量的时空格局分析

本文将水资源约束与经济增长、技术进步和结构变动因素相耦合,用以评价新疆产业用水增长质量。通过构建产业用水的边际效应分解模型,计算了新疆2005—2010年产业用水的规模、技术及结构的边际效应,并进行了时空分异分析。在此基础上构建了新疆产业用水增长质量指数,运用ESDA方法,探讨新疆产业用水增长质量的空间关联模式,得出研究期内产业用水增长质量呈现正的空间自相关,并且空间集聚方式以H—H、L—L为主要特征,区域空间差异明显。因此,新疆应该继续调整产业结构,加强用水技术的引进与创新,促进水资源在产业内部及产业间循环利用;经济发达且用水质量较高的地州应该发挥经济增长极的作用,改善经济落后地州的产业用水增长质量。     

Income-related inequalities of health and health care utilization

By utilizing the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data, this paper examines the extent of deviations in terms of horizontal equity in the field of China’s health and medical community, i.e., that those in equal demand ought to be treated equally, and computes the contribution of income in health inequality and utilization inequality of health care. The main conclusions are: There is pro-rich inequality in health and utilization of health care; income contribution to inequality of health care utilization accounts for 0.13–0.2; insurance also enlarges the inequality of health care utilization; health inequality in rural area is larger than that of in urban area; and both rural and urban health inequality are increasing. From 1991 to 2006, income changes in urban districts and rural area account for 7.08% and 13.38% respectively of raising inequality of rural and urban health.     

Decomposing productivity growth and divergence: an index number approach

We propose a cross-country productivity growth decomposition that allows us to quantify the industry-level contributors to an aggregate productivity growth differential. We deploy this cross-country decomposition to quantify—for the first time—the disaggregate contributors to the divergence in market sector productivity growth between Australia and New Zealand. The results suggest that large contributions to the divergence arise from differences in labour growth across the two countries and that cross-country structural differences are large, and generally act to reduce the divergence. Most of the industries are found to add to the divergence, with particularly large contributions coming from differences across the mining and wholesale trade industries. The views expressed in the paper are entirely my own, and do not necessarily reflect those of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand. I would like to thank Les Oxley and Kevin Fox for useful comments on earlier drafts. All errors and omissions are my own.     

中国居民财产分布不均等及其原因的经验分析

使用中国社会科学院经济研究所收入分配课题组1995年和2002年调查数据,本文对中国居民财产分布的不均等情况进行了描述,对这一不均等状况进行了分析。本文发现,中国居民的财产分布差距出现了快速而且明显扩大的趋势,这一扩大的趋势主要来自于城乡之间差距的急剧拉大。其中,城镇公有住房的私有化过程既造成了此间城镇财产差距的缩小,同时又扩大了城乡之间乃至全国财产的收入差距;而随着土地收益的下降,土地价值在农村居民财产总值中相对份额降低,造成其原本具有的缩小全国财产差距的作用减弱。另外,本文还认为,居民的金融资产对总财产分布不平等的推动作用将会进一步增强。     

Changes in the propensity of overweight US women to under-assess their body weight status

National data indicate that there was almost no change in the accuracy of body weight assessments of overweight women over the past 20 years. The accuracy in weight assessment is influenced by a number of social-demographic and economic factors; many of them have opposite effects and cancel out each other. This paper examines changes in misperception of body weight among overweight women in the United States, using data from the 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Changes in characteristics of the population, such as the increased share of Hispanics in the US population, between these two time periods explain only a small portion of the changes in the accuracy of body weight assessment. Most of the differences come from changes in the association between population characteristics and the likelihood an overweight woman underestimates her weight status. Results also indicate that overweight women who receive benefits from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (formerly Food Stamp Program) are consistently more likely to misperceive themselves as healthy weight or underweight than higher income overweight women.     

PISA: What makes the difference?

The large difference in the level and variance of student performance in the 2000 PISA study between Finland and Germany motivates this paper. It analyses why Finnish students showed a significantly higher performance by estimating educational production functions for both countries, using a unique micro-level dataset with imputed data and added school type information. The difference in reading proficiency scores is assigned to different effects, using Oaxaca–Blinder and Juhn–Murphy–Pierce decomposition methods. The analysis shows that German students and schools have on average more favorable characteristics except for the lowest deciles, but experience much lower returns to these characteristics in terms of test scores than Finnish students. The role of school types remains ambiguous. Overall, the observable characteristics explain more of the variation in test scores in Germany than in Finland.      

我国证券市场公司特质波动能够被定价吗——基于“非资产定价模型分解法”的测度与检验

根据我国A股市场数据,运用非资产定价模型分解法将个股风险分解为市场风险、行业层面风险和公司特质风险,并通过实证检验得出如下结论:(1)从1995年到2010年的15年中,我国证券市场的平均公司特质风险经历了下降和上升的U型趋势,并且时间序列平稳;(2)公司特质风险在个股波动中的比例不断升高,逐渐成为个股风险的主要来源;(3)在三个层面风险中,只有市场风险具有市场收益的预测能力,公司特质风险和行业层面风险则不具备这样的能力。上述实证结果表明,公司特质风险没有被市场收益定价,也就是说,在我国证券市场上,特质风险只是反映了公司层面信息的不确定性。     

中国参与全球价值链的特征与启示

研究目标：揭示2000年以来中国参与全球价值链（GVC）的程度、位置、竞争力特征,以及与主要经济体在GVC中的双边联系特征。研究方法：采用新近发展的生产分解模型,从前向联系和后向联系两个视角全面分析。研究发现：中国在GVC中的国际竞争力主要体现在制造业部门,已经具备“制造强国”的基本特征,接近GVC的中上游位置。大多数国家都对中国市场形成了高度的依赖性,同时中国成长为全球中间品的最大供应国,在GVC中扮演着关键的“枢纽”角色。研究创新：在一个统一的核算框架下,本文从多重视角首次对中国参与GVC的特征做出系统性的论述。研究价值：本文对于决策部门评价中国参与GVC的成效,研判国际经济关系,制定对外经济政策具有重要参考价值。     

The poverty experience of lone mothers and their children

Lone mothers, as sole caregivers and women, face unique challenges to guaranteeing the economic well-being of their children compared to lone fathers. While all lone parents face a trade-off in time spent earning wages and time spent caring for children, mothers are likely to earn wages lower than fathers, thus increasing their chances of falling into poverty. Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2013 Current Population Survey, we estimate the size of the gender poverty gap among lone-parent families. We apply the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition to assess whether this gap can be solely attributed to parent and family demographics. Much of the poverty gap, however, is attributed to unobservables, suggesting the increased likelihood of being in poverty for lone-mothered families may be, in part, due to gender-based discrimination in labour markets.