神经网络的基本特征及其在军事通信领域中的应用前景

<正> 随着世界经济的缓慢复苏,1992年世界贸易取得了较快的增长,全年的增长率虽然尚未揭晓,但是据国际权威机构的预测,1992年世界贸易的增长率可望从1991年的3％上升到5.6％,几乎增长了90％,远远超过了世界经济从1991年的1％上升到1992年的1.5％的增长速度。由于世界贸易是世界经济的发动机,它的快速发展必然会推动世界经济的发展步伐。西方一些预测机构对于1993年世界经济发展前景均持较为乐观的态度,预计1993年世界经济增长率将上升到3％左右。如果这个预测数字能成为现实,那么,世界经济加速增长对世界贸易发展也会起促进作用,将     

Decision models in global supply chain management

Integrative decision making is key to effective supply chain management (SCM). This article examines five illustrative supply chain decision models that demonstrate the importance of integrating the decisions across the supply chain. The models that are discussed illustrate the diversity of analytical approaches and their usefulness in managing global supply chain issues. The paper identifies potential areas of additional research where analytical modeling can generate useful insights. The paper also presents a short categorization of decision models from literature.     

加工贸易提高了环境全要素生产率吗——基于Luenberger生产率指数的研究

为系统考察加工贸易对经济增长、环境污染的影响,本文依托中国30个省份2000—2009年的数据测算出考虑坏产出的Luenberger生产率指数,并在此基础上对加工贸易的环境全要素生产率效应展开深入分析。研究表明,加工贸易和环境全要素生产率之间存在着显著的倒U形关系,当加工贸易占货物贸易的比重超过0．35时,加工贸易将对中国环境全要素生产率产生负效应。与此同时,出口和进口在环境全要素生产率的决定中有着完全相反的作用。在以上结论的基础上,本文提出了调整外贸模式、完善产业政策、协调区域发展的若干政策建议。     

You can't leave your work behind: Employment experience and founding collaborations

It is well known that founders typically seek assistance for their fledgling ventures, but what remains unclear are the reasons why some founders collaborate with more people than others in their startup efforts. Our study investigates the link between employment experience and the extent to which founders depend on others for assistance when starting businesses. Employment experience provides founders with opportunities to be exposed to and develop preferences for particular work environments and the conditions associated with certain organizational roles. Drawing on occupational socialization theory, we investigate why employment experience predicts founding collaboration size. Our analysis of a nationally representative sample of early-stage business founders in the United States reveals that the amount of business experience and the defining social and analytical requirements of a founder's occupational background affect the number of people founders choose to involve in their founding efforts in opposite ways: While founders possessing venture-specific industry experience are more likely to opt for solo ventures or smaller collaborations, founders with backgrounds in highly interactive occupations are more likely to recruit more collaborators as co-owners. We found this preference for collaboration is strengthened for founders with occupational backgrounds that called for both interactive and analytical work. Our findings have theoretical and practical implications on how founders' experience influences the extent to which they initiate collaborations with others.     

Distinguishing China's processing trade in the world input-output table and quantifying its effects

ABSTRACT

Distinguishing processing trade is crucial to national input-output table-based research on China's international trade. This paper further investigates the importance of distinguishing China's processing trade in multicountry input-output table-based studies. We focus on the bias in China's bilateral trade in value added caused by China's undistinguished processing trade. We construct a product-by-product world input-output table capturing China's processing trade based on the World Input-Output Database. Empirical studies show that, if China's processing trade is undistinguished, the profile of China's bilateral trade in value added would be seriously distorted; China's bilateral net trade in value added with some economies, such as Japan, Korea and Taiwan, would be significantly underestimated, while it would be significantly overestimated for some other economies, such as the United States. Distinguishing processing trade in multicountry input-output tables is also crucial when China's bilateral trade in value added is considered.     

Preferences and information processing under vague information

The standard decision-theoretic model separates information and preferences. We argue that some behavioral phenomena in information processing (e.g., polarization) are closely related to this separation.We propose a model in which agents receive vague information, which they refine when they are required to make probabilistic judgments, or to take an action. By doing so, they also refine their beliefs about some traits or states (e.g., their information-processing ability), which affects their utility.     

Analytical solutions of optimal portfolio rebalancing

We study optimal portfolio rebalancing in a mean-variance type framework and present new analytical results for the general case of multiple risky assets. We first derive the equation of the no-trade region, and then provide analytical solutions and conditions for the optimal portfolio under several simplifying yet important models of asset covariance matrix: uncorrelated returns, same non-zero pairwise correlation, and a one-factor model. In some cases, the analytical conditions involve one or two parameters whose values are determined by combinatorial, rather than numerical, algorithms. Our results provide useful and interesting insights on portfolio rebalancing, and sharpen our understanding of the optimal portfolio.     

信息加工视角下创业者的认知变革过程——一项多案例研究

作为创业研究的新兴流派，创业认知研究关注创业行为背后的认知机制。已有研究显示，创业者能否根据环境变化进行认知变革，是其新企业能否成功适应环境的关键。虽然有学者从信息加工视角对创业者认知形成与变革等议题做出相关探讨，现有文献对创业者认知变革过程却缺乏相对完整的解释逻辑。鉴于此，文章基于信息加工理论构建了"环境扫描-信息加工-认知变革"的概念框架，运用多案例研究方法，对创业者识别和利用机会过程中的认知变革进行了经验探究。研究发现：第一，模式识别是创业者信息加工的重要组成部分，并与相关决策情境因素共同影响信息加工方式的选择；第二，基于不同模式识别的信息加工会对创业者认知变革产生差异化影响。几个研究命题有助于从模式识别和信息加工方式两个互补的方面揭示创业者及其新企业适应环境的认知机制，对于创业决策理论与实践均有重要启发意义。     

The effect of text-only versus text-and-image wine labels on liking,taste and purchase intentions. The mediating role of affective fluency

This research investigates the effect of wine labels that contain text-only versus text-and-image information on liking, taste and purchase intentions of the product. Further, the research addresses the underlying processes by investigating the role of affective fluency. Study 1 shows that wine labels combining text with matching images outperform text-only labels and labels where images and text do not match; this effect is mediated by affective fluency (while simultaneously controlling for cognitive fluency), which enhances liking, purchase intentions and taste expectation. Field Study 2 provides process evidence by directly manipulating the mediator in a real-life tasting situation. This field study demonstrates that affectively fluent labels enhance actual taste perception and purchase intentions. Managerial implications are discussed.     

Sentiment and guest satisfaction with peer-to-peer accommodation: When are online ratings more trustworthy?

This study aims to decode guest satisfaction with peer-to-peer accommodations by analyzing the relationship between guests’ sentiment and online ratings and examining how analytical thinking and authenticity influence this relationship. Based on reviews of 4602 Airbnb listings in San Francisco, we empirically find that positive (negative) sentiment is linked to a high (low) rating. We further show that this link is stronger when guests manifest a higher extent of analytical thinking and authenticity. Both Tobit and ordered logit models yield consistent estimation results, showing the robustness of our findings. Our study contributes to the tourism and hospitality literature by theoretically explaining the association between sentiment and ratings. In addition, this paper enriches our knowledge regarding the trustworthiness of Airbnb ratings.