信息加工视角下创业者的认知变革过程——一项多案例研究

作为创业研究的新兴流派，创业认知研究关注创业行为背后的认知机制。已有研究显示，创业者能否根据环境变化进行认知变革，是其新企业能否成功适应环境的关键。虽然有学者从信息加工视角对创业者认知形成与变革等议题做出相关探讨，现有文献对创业者认知变革过程却缺乏相对完整的解释逻辑。鉴于此，文章基于信息加工理论构建了"环境扫描-信息加工-认知变革"的概念框架，运用多案例研究方法，对创业者识别和利用机会过程中的认知变革进行了经验探究。研究发现：第一，模式识别是创业者信息加工的重要组成部分，并与相关决策情境因素共同影响信息加工方式的选择；第二，基于不同模式识别的信息加工会对创业者认知变革产生差异化影响。几个研究命题有助于从模式识别和信息加工方式两个互补的方面揭示创业者及其新企业适应环境的认知机制，对于创业决策理论与实践均有重要启发意义。     

Identification of significant threats and errors affecting aviation safety in Taiwan using the analytical hierarchy process

This study ranked the significant threats and human errors affecting aviation safety. Two-phase questionnaires were used to elicit experts' views on four categories of human errors and threats comprising twenty-three criteria. The analytical hierarchy process was used to calculate the weight for each criteria which were then ranked in order of importance. The study indicated that flight crew errors are the most important threats.     

You can't leave your work behind: Employment experience and founding collaborations

It is well known that founders typically seek assistance for their fledgling ventures, but what remains unclear are the reasons why some founders collaborate with more people than others in their startup efforts. Our study investigates the link between employment experience and the extent to which founders depend on others for assistance when starting businesses. Employment experience provides founders with opportunities to be exposed to and develop preferences for particular work environments and the conditions associated with certain organizational roles. Drawing on occupational socialization theory, we investigate why employment experience predicts founding collaboration size. Our analysis of a nationally representative sample of early-stage business founders in the United States reveals that the amount of business experience and the defining social and analytical requirements of a founder's occupational background affect the number of people founders choose to involve in their founding efforts in opposite ways: While founders possessing venture-specific industry experience are more likely to opt for solo ventures or smaller collaborations, founders with backgrounds in highly interactive occupations are more likely to recruit more collaborators as co-owners. We found this preference for collaboration is strengthened for founders with occupational backgrounds that called for both interactive and analytical work. Our findings have theoretical and practical implications on how founders' experience influences the extent to which they initiate collaborations with others.     

中国加工贸易升级状况分析:基于全球生产网络视角

本文将加工贸易置于全球生产网络背景之下,在系统界定加工贸易升级内涵的基础上,依据问卷调查结果和相关资料,从产业与产品、价值链、企业能力、企业网络地位、关联与外溢效应等方面对我国加工贸易升级状况进行了分析。结果表明,我国加工贸易已经形成了比较好的升级态势,但总体上仍处于低等级供应商和劳动密集型或非差异化加工为主的阶段,面临进一步升级的严峻挑战。     

我国加工贸易可持续发展的路径选择

加工贸易已成为我国对外贸易的第一大贸易方式,其可持续发展问题已引起广泛关注。加工贸易可持续发展主要有两种路径选择,即主要采用比较优势战略或主要采用逆比较优势战略。本文通过分析认为,当前采用后一种路径更能促进我国加工贸易的可持续发展。     

产业内贸易与我国加工贸易的发展

规模经济效应和技术差异促进了战后产业内贸易的迅速发展,产业内贸易日益取代产业间贸易成为国际贸易的主要形式。本文认为,近年来跨国公司内部贸易发展迅速,而随着跨国公司对华直接投资的发展,加工贸易成为我国制造业产业内贸易的重要推动因素。为促进我国加工贸易的现代化发展,推动我国与发达国家的产业内贸易由垂直型向水平型发展,必须充分发挥跨国公司的技术外溢效应,带动国内相关产业的技术进步与产业升级。此外,有必要运用战略性贸易政策保护国内产业,获得规模经济以促进我国产业内贸易的发展。     

八路异步数据统计复接器设计

本文介绍了多路复接的基本原理,用具有最佳复用效率的统计复用方式设计了一个复合数据为同步／异步可选的八路异步数据复接器,该复接器具有４种工作方式：（１）复合数据为同步方式的疏数据复接;（２）复合数据为同步方式的发数据复接;（３）复合数据为异步方式的收数据复接;（４）复合数据为异步方式的发数据复接。工作方式灵活,可广泛用于卫星寻呼数据广播、低速数据采集、点对点数据传输等场合。     

It’s only words: idiom processing,language knowledge and consumer memory of Chinese print advertisements

This study investigated the effects of employing Chinese idioms in headlines on consumer memory. The results indicated that, as hypothesized, the use of idiomatic headlines in print advertisements produced superior aided recall of headlines and recognition of brand names than employing non-idiomatic headlines. High language knowledge individuals also had greater aided headline recall and brand name recognition. However, this knowledge advantage was only observed for advertisements with idiomatic headlines. Aided headline recall generally mediated brand name recognition. Finally, the language knowledge results were robust across different knowledge measures.     

The Case for Compatibility: Product Attitudes and Purchase Intentions for Upper versus Lowercase Brand Names

Although retailers know that brand names are important conveyors of product benefits, little is known about how subtle characteristics of brand names affect consumer attitudes and purchase intentions. This research proposes and shows that the letter case of brand names affects product attitudes and purchase intentions but that these effects depend on congruity between brand case and the gender of consumption benefits. Studies 1 and 2 show that lowercase brand names are associated with feminine characteristics while uppercase brand names are associated with masculine characteristics, as measured through judgments of name gender, gendered brand personality traits, and overall brand gender perceptions. Three additional studies demonstrate that greater congruity between brand case and the gender of consumption benefits increases product evaluations and purchase intentions. Study 3 demonstrates that greater congruity between brand case and the gender of a female consumer’s consumption goal leads her to have more favorable product attitudes. Study 4 replicates these effects by manipulating the gender of product benefits, shows that effects on purchase intentions are moderated by the consumer’s biological sex, and identifies processing fluency as the underlying mechanism. Study 5 demonstrates that brand case, rather than letter shape, drives these results. This work advances understanding of how seemingly subtle brand name characteristics affect gender perceptions and consumer behavior, with implications for brand design and positioning in the retailing industry.     

The effect of text-only versus text-and-image wine labels on liking,taste and purchase intentions. The mediating role of affective fluency

This research investigates the effect of wine labels that contain text-only versus text-and-image information on liking, taste and purchase intentions of the product. Further, the research addresses the underlying processes by investigating the role of affective fluency. Study 1 shows that wine labels combining text with matching images outperform text-only labels and labels where images and text do not match; this effect is mediated by affective fluency (while simultaneously controlling for cognitive fluency), which enhances liking, purchase intentions and taste expectation. Field Study 2 provides process evidence by directly manipulating the mediator in a real-life tasting situation. This field study demonstrates that affectively fluent labels enhance actual taste perception and purchase intentions. Managerial implications are discussed.