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ABSTRACTThis research focuses on exploring the economics related to the joint delivery system using trucks and drones. Transportation distances and costs are approximated as simple functions using continuum approximation (CA) methods, which can keep key issues and tradeoffs in focus. The main contribution is to develop cost models using the derived methods and gain a greater understanding of delivery activities by focusing on the tradeoffs between major components, which are valuable for decision-makers: choose economical delivery mode based on customer density, partition service region into optimal sub-regions, and obtain an optimal delivery ratio between trucks and drones. 相似文献
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利用初态程函近似一连续扭曲波方法(CDW—EIS)研究了质子与B原子的碰撞电离过程。计算了入射粒子能量分别为100keV/u,1000keV/u,10000keV/u情况下的1s、2s、2p分波电离二阶微分截面及其总的二阶微分散射截面。并利用计算结果详细讨论和分析了软碰撞(SC)、电子俘获到入射粒子连续态(ECC)和两体相遇碰撞(BE)的碰撞电离机理,并对各分波二阶微分散射截面进行了比较。 相似文献
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《Business Horizons》2016,59(5):503-524
Despite growing interest in business for peace, there is little insight into how the organizations involved combine societal aims with economic ones in their business models. Literature has exemplified ‘hybrid organizations’ that seek to pursue both for-profit and non-profit activities and are specifically set up with this mission, usually in stable Western countries. However, already existing, traditional organizations that aim for mixed forms of economic and social value creation have been underexposed, and that applies even more for organizational forms that address peace in difficult settings. To help fill these gaps, this article sheds light on different degrees of hybridity of a range of organizations operating in a (post-)conflict region. It shows how 53 organizations in between the non-profit/for-profit extremes pursue different combinations of social and economic goals, maintain and develop relationships with stakeholders, and interact progressively with markets and institutions. We also present a hybridization continuum and classification scheme that is applicable beyond our specific context. While different degrees of hybridity in objectives, perspectives, and relationships exist, key dimensions are frequent interactions with stakeholders, awareness of development and reconciliation issues, and personal commitment. We identify hybridity aspects relevant to management and discuss implications for business scholars and practitioners. 相似文献
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Guilherme Carmona 《Economic Theory》2009,39(3):491-494
A game with a continuum of players is described by a function assigning payoff functions to players and satisfying some measurability
properties. In this note we establish the equivalence between several measurability assumptions that have been made in the
literature.
I thank an anonymous referee for very helpful comments and John Huffstot for editorial assistance. Financial support from
a Nova Fórum grant is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
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Summary. This paper considers optimal insurance schemes in a principal-agent multi-dimensional environment in which two types of risk
averse agents differ in both risk and attitude to risk. Risk corresponds to any pair of distribution functions (not necessarily
ordered by any of the usual dominance relations) and attitudes to risk are represented by any pair of non-decreasing and concave
utility functions (not necessarily ordered by risk aversion). Results obtained in one-dimensional models that considered these
effects separately and under more restricted conditions, are preserved in the more general set-up, but some of the questions
we study can only be posed in the more general framework. The main results obtained for optimal insurance schemes are:
(i) Insurance schemes preserve the order of certainty equivalents; consequently, the latter constitute a one-dimensional representation
of types.
(ii) Agents with the lower certainty equivalent are assigned full insurance. Partial insurance assigned to the others may entail
randomization.
(iii) Partially insured positions are an increasing function of the ratios of the probabilities that the two types assign to the
uninsured positions. Most of these properties are preserved when, due to competition or other reasons, the insured certainty
equivalents can not be set below pre-determined levels.
Received: January 13, 1998; revised version: October 10, 1998 相似文献
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The functional-psychological continuum in the cognitive image of a destination: A confirmatory analysis 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This paper analyses the cognitive component of the image of a destination from a dual perspective. Firstly, we study its composition by positing three positions on a continuum: functional, mixed and psychological, which are analysed using confirmatory factor analysis. Secondly, we study the influence of these components on tourists' overall image of the destination and on their future behaviour intentions, using structural equation analysis. The results show that the psychological and functional components exercise the greatest influence on the overall image of the destination. Overall image was found to influence future behaviour intentions consistently, while the functional component is relevant for revisit intention and the psychological component for the intention to recommend. 相似文献
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《Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services》2014,21(3):293-305
This study provides evidence of consumers׳ perception of the complexity of a variety of product/service decisions in terms of a complexity continuum and indicates how such categorisation is influenced by specific demographic characteristics, specifically gender, age and education level that are predominant in terms of consumer socialisation. A survey which was conducted in a major city and involved 461 respondents. The multiple section structured questionnaire were completed by willing spouses/partners of participating households. Complexity values were calculated in terms of a specific anchoring product, namely major household appliances. It became evident that the most expensive purchases that households ever make, namely purchasing a home and a car, which were perceived to be the most complex by all while grocery purchase was on the least complex divide of the continuum. Also on the more complex divide of the continuum were service related decisions such as insurance. Particularly noteworthy is the confirmation of significant differences in perceived complexity within product categories that are perceived to be the most- and the least complex by all. This confirms the vulnerability of certain segments of the consumer society and the need for concerted effort to communicate with them in appropriate media and on a level that would enhance informed consumer decision-making. Underlying reasons probably relate to consumers׳ risk perception and affordability issues that could be explored in future research. Interestingly the findings of the gender comparison shifted the focus to different product categories than those elicited in the age-, income and level of education comparisons. Findings therefore confirm the relevance of demographic characteristics in media communication and consumer facilitation as well as in research. Retailers and marketers should therefore be cognisant of the characteristics of their target markets and be very selective and cautious when identifying communication media. 相似文献