An Examination of the Motivation—Involvement Relationship

In this investigation, the relationship between motivation and enduring involvement was explored using a sample of campers drawn from three distinct campsites in a southeastern national forest, USA. The campsites varied along the ROS continuum from developed to wilderness. Using multidimensional conceptualizations of both constructs, a model was tested where the dimensions of motivation were modeled to positively influence the dimensions of enduring involvement. Although not all paths were statistically significant, the effect of motivation on enduring involvement was positive. No variation in the sign or strength of the path coefficients was observed across the three sites. These findings provide empirical support for the contention that motivation is an antecedent of enduring involvement.     

促进城乡结合部社会管理创新的财政政策研究——以上海市为例

城镇化过程中的城乡结合部社会管理问题日益成为社会稳定的重要课题,本文从财政政策的角度,以上海市城乡结合部为例,分析了促进社会管理创新的财政政策框架。建议以基本公共服务均等化为政策目标,完善市区两级财政管理体制,推进全过程的绩效预算管理,选择多样化的财政支出工具,并发挥税收的多重智能,培育非营利组织,促进城乡结合部社会管理创新,最后讨论了全方位推进社会管理创新的配套政策。     

Anonymous Games with Binary Actions

In many economic decision problems the preferences of economic agents depend on the numbers or proportions of individuals choosing the same decision or other decisions. Examples include network or congestion externalities, location choices of firms, the tourist's choice of a vacation destination, the visit of public events like concerts, or the purchase of goods that are subject to fashion. In this article the relating equilibrium characterization and selection questions are formulated and solved in terms of anonymous games with a continuum of players facing a binary decision problem. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C72, D62.     

中缀:从屈折到派生

在张吉生、赵彦春和王文斌的基础上从连续体的角度来讨论中缀的性质和功能问题,认为中缀是屈折形式,完成的是语法功能,但同时也有向派生词缀过渡的性质,因此,仅从派生词缀的角度来讨论,难以弄清其实质。     

丘陵地区中小城市城乡结合部土地利用变化特征*——以内江市四合乡为例

［目的］探究城乡结合部土地利用方式在城市急剧扩张过程中的变化特征,对统筹城市产业布局和城乡一体化发展具有重要意义。［方法］文章以2009年和2014年内江市城乡结合部的四合乡土地利用数据为研究对象,利用分形理论和景观生态学方法,分析其一级地类分维数、数量及空间分布变化。［结果］四合乡土地利用数据具有分形特征, 2014年与2009年相比,分维数值由1267~1612缩小至1170~1463,除园地外,其余地类分维数值均呈下降趋势,各土地类型轮廓更趋规则; 5年间多种土地利用类型快速更替,面积增减明显,主要表现为耕地大量减少,交通、建设用地明显增多,园地、林地、水域缩减较少,其他土地类型有少量增加。［结论］在乡镇尺度上,城乡结合部受其区位和城市布局共同影响,耕地被建设用地大量侵占,造成农用地减少; 因农村劳动力向城市转移,亦有耕地被撂荒现象。该研究结果可为类似区域土地资源管理提供实践参考。     

Ways of Experiencing Leisure

This study used phenomenography to describe different experiences of leisure meanings and to interpret experiences in terms of the complexity in understanding. Four multi-dimensional experiences differing in their phenomenal, contextual, and temporal relations were described. Leisure as achieving fulfillment was judged the most complex understanding, followed by escaping pressure, exercising choice and passing time. More complex understandings resulted in fewer distinctions between leisure and other phenomena, higher levels of contextual diversity and inclusivity in meanings, and greater flexibility in temporal awareness of leisure. Results suggest meanings can be operationalized as a continuum of experiences that display a progression in understanding.     

What managers should know about the sharing economy

The phrase ‘sharing economy’ has grown to become an umbrella term for a wide range of nonownership forms of consumption activities such as swapping, bartering, trading, renting, sharing, and exchanging. In spite of such a wide spectrum of behaviors, there is limited practical knowledge about how individual sharing economy practices should be managed. Building on a framework that categorizes sharing economy practices based on their detailed characteristics, this article provides extensive recommendations to managers and practitioners. We argue that each practice is a hybrid of sharing and exchange, and provides several recommendations based on the nature of each practice's offering.     

TO SHARE OR TO EXCHANGE: An analysis of the sharing economy characteristics of Airbnb and Fairbnb.coop

Many organizations seek to position themselves as part of the sharing economy, due to positive conceptual connotations; however, in reality, some may more closely represent the exchange rather than the sharing economy. This research analyses the extent to which Airbnb and Fairbnb.coop represent the sharing economy by examining the characteristics of the sharing economy. We utilize a Sharing Index (SI) and a Sharing Economy Continuum (SEC) to measure each organization’s degree of sharing and exchange. The analysis suggests that Fairbnb.coop is a stronger example of the sharing economy than Airbnb. This study offers a more robust characterization of the sharing economy and offers tools to help businesses assess and improve their business practices to more accurately align with the true sharing economy.     

Image of Vietnam held by US tourists: Initial inquiry

Global tourism, although affected by international terrorism events and contagious disease, remains relatively robust and still performs important economic and social functions. Asian nations can and should take the potential of foreign tourists seriously. One nation of particular interest is Vietnam. However, the image of Vietnam as a tourist destination is assumed to be relatively unknown, especially among US tourists. Given the critical nature of image as it relates to marketing and development, this is a serious void. The purpose of this project was to examine the image of Vietnam among the attractive US market. Utilizing a combined quantitative and qualitative approach, an on-site questionnaire to US tourists revealed they are mature, affluent and well educated. Factor analysis of quantitative items revealed four key elements in Vietnam's image: world heritage sites; atmosphere and attractions; service value; and quality. Content analysis of open-ended questions supported and extended this image by describing Vietnam's unique attributes as the world heritage sites, an exciting experience and positive emotion. Common elements included the food, friendly people and beauty. Utilizing this approach, it is possible to conduct a competitor evaluation. Implications for marketers and developers are presented.     

Arrow's Possibility Theorem for one-dimensional single-peaked preferences

In one-dimensional environments with single-peaked preferences we consider social welfare functions satisfying Arrow's requirements, i.e. weak Pareto and independence of irrelevant alternatives. When the policy space is a one-dimensional continuum such a welfare function is determined by a collection of 2^N strictly quasi-concave preferences and a tie-breaking rule. As a corollary we obtain that when the number of voters is odd, simple majority voting is transitive if and only if each voter's preference is strictly quasi-concave.