知识溢出创业理论:评述与未来研究方向

知识溢出创业理论认为，在位企业未利用或者未被充分利用的知识可以通过人才流动的方式溢出到社会中，从而形成创业机会。首先，梳理了知识溢出创业理论发展历程；然后，从国家、区域及企业3个层面论述了知识溢出创业理论研究现状和不足；最后，对知识溢出创业理论的未来研究方向进行了总结和展望。〖JP〗     

How psychic distance and opportunity perceptions affect entrepreneurial firm internationalization

Psychic distance, now established as an individual perceptual construct, is so far a partial explanation of internationalization processes of entrepreneurial firms. Opportunity in foreign markets, although considered important, has hitherto been an assumption rather than explored as an explanatory factor in internationalization theories. Through qualitative data from technology entrepreneurs from New Zealand this study considers opportunity, like psychic distance, as an individual perceptual construct and posits that a combination of opportunity and psychic distance perceptions better explains entrepreneurial internationalization action/intention decisions. The explicit combination proposed is “opportunity‐distance quotient” and signifies a shift from psychic distance obstacles based explanations to an opportunity‐psychic distance interaction based exploration of entrepreneurial internationalization. Limitations of the study and further research are discussed. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

开放经济下我国国际工程承包业的SWOT分析与战略选择

开放经济下,我国国际工程承包业发展迅速,本文在研究我国国际工程承包发展现状的基础上,对国际工程承包业的优势、劣势、机遇以及威胁进行了分析,在此基础上提出了推进我国国际工程承包业发展的对策建议。     

Risky business? The survival implications of exploiting commercial opportunities by nonprofits

Prior research is equivocal as to the performance implications of exploiting market-based opportunities by nonprofit organizations. We investigate an under-addressed measure of performance in this literature: organizational survival. Drawing upon resource dependence theory, we argue that performance is largely dependent upon the extent to which nonprofits focus on market-based opportunities. Through analysis of the population of Canadian charities, we find support for a U-shaped relationship indicating that low to moderate levels of market-based income decrease the likelihood of firm exit, whereas high levels increase this likelihood.     

遗产税实现社会公平的理论研究述评与分析建议

作为一个古老的税种,在市场经济条件下,遗产税的政策目标已经彻底转变为社会公平。这种政策目标转向受到国外学者的关注,大量的理论研究成果应运而生。综述现有理论研究成果,以期对我国现阶段构建遗产税制度提供理论借鉴。本文首先概述遗产税的历史沿革,并从遗产税实现社会公平目标的前提和内涵进行文献梳理和评述,在此基础之上对我国开征遗产税提出分析建议。     

The Distribution and Redistribution of Opportunity

Recent theories of distributive justice focus on individual opportunities as the appropriate standard for distributive judgements. To translate this philosophical view into concrete public policy, three branches of economic literature have arisen, which we draw together here and critically assess. These concern ( i ) the measurement of individuals' opportunity sets, ( ii ) the measurement of the degree of inequality present in a distribution of opportunities, and ( iii ) the design of redistribution mechanisms intended to increase the degree of 'opportunity equality'. The purpose of the exposition is to unify the three themes, to give a flavour in non‐technical terms of what is going on in these very active literatures, and to indicate areas which remain open for research.     

俄罗斯入世给中俄经贸合作带来的机遇和挑战

随着俄罗斯经济的复苏，其加入WTO的时刻也日益迫切。俄罗斯入世后，其经贸条件、投资环境、相关法律等都将发生明显变化，对中俄经贸合作将产生重大影响。     

The impact of opportunity connectedness on innovation in SMEs’ foreign-market relationships

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) use of business networks has grown significantly during the last decades, partly due to increasingly complex innovation processes. This article investigates how different kinds of networks, depending on location, contextualize innovation in specific foreign market business relationships. Building on internationalization, network, and innovation research we develop a model that views opportunity connectedness in specific host-markets, home-markets, and other international markets as prerequisites to innovative collaboration and innovation outcomes in foreign business relationships. The results of our linear structural relations (LISREL) analysis of Swedish SMEs provide empirical evidence that the effect of opportunity connectedness on innovation outcomes in foreign business relationships is mediated by the level of innovative collaboration. These results indicate that SMEs need a relatively higher level of innovative collaboration in their partnerships with foreign market customers to convert opportunities conceived in home- and international- market networks into innovative outcomes in comparison to opportunities conceived in host-market networks. This finding implies that as opportunities become increasingly contextually remote, the importance of collaborative business relationships increases. By showing these results, the study contributes to research in the international small-business domain that seeks to identify important prerequisites of SME innovation.     

Defining the Problem and Problems of Definition: Legal Standards for Expanding Issues in Sexual Harassment

Sexual harassment has been a difficult area of legal interpretation. Legal frameworks used in other areas of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act have not been used in the development of standards by which to judge on the job harassment. Specific difficulties analyzed are the status of group versus individual protection, the notion that harassment is a correctable violation, problems of defining a hostile environment and determining harm, adverse effects on third parties, harassment without sexuality, and same sex harassment. Disagreements between the Circuit Courts and the EEOC are highlighted and effects on individuals and organizations are discussed. Suggestions for organization policy are made.     

我国加入GPA的机遇与挑战

我国正在进行加入GPA的谈判,加入GPA将有利于我国公共采购法律制度的完善,以及公共采购市场一体化进程的推进,同时也将为我国经济社会的未来发展带来机遇与挑战。本文通过对我国的公共采购市场现状、法律制度和立法背景等方面的分析,就我国加入GPA的机遇与挑战进行探讨。