信息产业发展的问题探索与机遇寻求

信息产业的发展创造了巨大的社会财富,拉动经济增长。本文从通过分析信息产业的现状,指出在发展信息产业过程中必须解决的几大问题,并结合信息产业面临的新机遇,提出建议。     

基于公平就业的反歧视策略探讨

劳动力市场就业歧视集中表现为就业机会、劳动报酬和就业保障等方面的歧视,而引起歧视的原因主要在于制度上、监督上和法律上的缺失。因此,展开反歧视行动,必须从这三方面入手,设计合理的制度,政府切实监督市场运行,法律上制定更有操作性的条款,使得劳动力市场的歧视行为得到有效控制。     

金融危机下中国服务业前景与对策分析

随着美国次贷危机在全球范围引起金融危机的逐步升级,危机已由虚拟经济波及到实体经济,同时随着产业结构的高级化,此次金融危机自然会波及其比重日趋上升的第三产业服务业。如何改变现状,寻求新的突破,是每一个涉足服务业的企业需要考虑的问题。本文简要分析了金融危机对第三产业的巨大影响,同时重点探究了我国服务业在当前危机下蕴藏的机遇与挑战和应对危机的改革措施。     

The housing bubble and a new approach to accounting for housing in a CPI

Over the course of the recent house price bubble in the United States, the price of homes rose rapidly from 1999 Q4 to 2005 Q4 (11.3% annually as measured by the Case-Shiller index, and 8.4% annually as measured by the Federal Housing Financing Agency) but slowly as measured by owner equivalent rents (3.4%), so measured core inflation remained relatively docile during this period, since only rents are used to measure inflation for housing services in the United States. Over the last several decades, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has experimented with both rental equivalence and user cost approaches for accounting for owner occupied housing (OOH) services in the CPI. We explain the basics of these approaches, and outline the BLS experiences with using them. This assessment leads us to conclude that the time has come to try a new approach: the opportunity cost approach. We argue this approach has advantages over both the conventional rental equivalence and user cost approaches, though it embeds components of the measures for both those approaches and builds solidly on the research of Verbrugge and others at the BLS. Also, we take up empirical issues that must be faced regardless of which of the approaches discussed is adopted. We explain how the repeat-sales and various hedonic regression methods can be placed in a common framework, thereby facilitating understanding of the properties of and the tradeoffs between the methods. We also consider measurement complications that arise because the land and structure components of properties depreciate at different rates.     

The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship

Contemporary theories of entrepreneurship generally focus on the recognition of opportunities and the decision to exploit them. Although the entrepreneurship literature treats opportunities as exogenous, the prevailing theory of economic growth suggests they are endogenous. This paper advances the microeconomic foundations of endogenous growth theory by developing a knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship. Knowledge created endogenously results in knowledge spillovers, which allow entrepreneurs to identify and exploit opportunities.

政府控制、成长性与企业现金持有价值

本文以2001-2006年国有上市公司的经验数据为样本,对国有上市公司实际控制人按照行政级别分为中央政府和地方政府,以当前国有资产管理体制以及国有资产布局调整为制度背景,在分析国有企业成长性和投资机会的差异后,研究发现,在具有同样成长性的情况下,如果上市公司属于中央政府控制,其持有现金的价值大于地方政府所控制上市公司。     

Condominium Townhouse Investment

This accounting case involves the evaluation of various alternatives based on a real‐life personal property investment. The Condominium Townhouse Investment (CTI) case uses introductory management accounting concepts and analyses to introduce students to the case method of learning. The main concepts reinforced are relevant costs and revenues, including differentiating between opportunity and sunk costs. Students are not only asked to define and identify these items, but to consider choices centered on the decision alternatives in their role as accountants in public practice. This case is especially valuable because it offers students the chance to become engaged in an analysis and decision‐making situation that they can relate to both personally and professionally because, one day, they themselves are likely to become involved in a home ownership decision. The case focuses on real estate as a personal business investment, and requires both qualitative and quantitative analysis, with more emphasis on the qualitative aspect. In addition, the teaching notes include methods and strategies for students to use in an introductory managerial accounting class or level‐1 MBA class.     

创业环境动态性、创业学习与创业机会识别关系研究

通过引入创业环境动态变化频率和变化幅度,以及实用主义、顺从主义、贯融主义3种创业认知学习方式,扩展了现有创业机会识别仿真模型,研究了创业环境动态性、创业学习与创业机会识别之间的作用机制。仿真结果表明：在发现观视角下,实用主义是一种高效但不稳定的学习方式;顺从主义是一种效率一般但较为稳定的学习方式;贯融主义是一种低效的学习方式。为了提高创业机会识别能力,创业者需要根据环境类型选择不同学习策略。在变化慢、变化小的环境中,创业者的最佳学习策略是采用实用主义并保持较快的个体学习速率;在变化慢、变化大和变化快、变化小的环境中,创业者的最佳学习策略是采用实用主义并保持较慢的个体学习速率;在变化快、变化大的环境中,创业者的最佳学习策略是采用顺从主义并保持较快的个体学习速率。     

International entrepreneurship beyond individuals and firms: On the systemic nature of international opportunities

The present study approaches opportunities in international entrepreneurship from a systemic perspective. Based on research on the collectiveness of opportunities in international entrepreneurship and the concepts of activity and object from activity theory, we develop a systemic conceptualization of opportunity-oriented international entrepreneurship. Through an empirical study in Finland and Israel, we depict six collective opportunity beliefs, considered from the viewpoints of society, international venture, and outcome expectations. Furthermore, we induce three modalities for international opportunity as the object of collective activity and model systemic opportunity shaping as the core activity of international entrepreneurship.     

一种三级技术机会识别方法及其应用——基于SAO语义分析和多维技术创新地图

精准识别技术创新机会对于企业在复杂多变的市场竞争环境中立于不败之地至关重要。首先,基于SAO（Subject-Action-Object,主语-谓语-宾语）语义分析,从专利文本中抽取SAO结构;其次,以多维技术创新地图创新维度为导航,构建具象技术创新维度初始词典,利用SAO语义相似度计算和主题聚类,进一步构建基于创新维度的三级语义知识库;再次,运用多维技术创新地图的创新法则及维法耦合原理对基于创新维度的三级语义知识库进行迭代变换,实现技术形态、创新子维、创新维度三级技术机会识别;最后,以3D打印机领域为例验证研究方法的可行性和有效性,可为企业高效、精准识别技术创新机会提供参考依据。