创业平台资源警觉、意义给赋与在孵企业机会开发：多重中介模型检验

创业平台应具备何种认知以及如何影响在孵企业机会开发,是孵化资源利用率提升的关键。基于认知领域警觉理论,研究创业平台资源警觉对在孵企业机会开发（创新型和模仿型）的影响,以及意义给赋（直接和间接给赋方式）的多重中介效应。以入驻创业平台的在孵企业为调研样本,通过结构方程模型进行实证检验。结果发现：创业平台资源警觉对在孵企业创新型和模仿型机会开发均具有显著正向影响;意义给赋中的直接和间接给赋在二者间起完全中介作用;直接和间接给赋的中介效应不具有统计上的显著差异。研究结论对于创业平台明确组织角色、优化服务,进而提升孵化资源利用率具有一定指导意义。     

政府补助、投融资约束与企业僵尸化

僵尸企业丧失活力但仍然存续,对国民经济效率具有严重的不利影响,清理僵尸企业是供给侧结构性改革的关键步骤。政府补助与僵尸企业形成的关系是当前供给侧结构性改革研究中的焦点问题之一。基于企业面临的主要约束类型,本文将企业划分为缺乏投资机会的投资机会约束企业和缺乏资金来源的融资约束企业,以2007—2016年A股上市公司为样本,研究不同约束类型下企业获得政府补助对企业僵尸化的影响。结果表明,政府补助更多拨付给投资机会约束企业而非融资约束企业;政府补助是企业僵尸化的推手之一,但仅在投资机会约束企业中显著;专用于扩大企业融资的融资补助对于投资机会约束企业僵尸化的作用较政府补助总额更为显著;政府补助总额与融资补助均未起到缓解融资约束企业僵尸化的作用。在控制反向因果的内生性问题、替换代理变量、滞后补助变量和对亏损企业样本僵尸化进行讨论的稳健性测试中,结果仍然显著。本文为政府补助与僵尸企业形成问题提供了企业面临主要约束这一异质性视角,并基于补助错配问题,提出优化政府补助政策与解决企业僵尸化问题的政策建议。     

互联网使能情境下创业企业国际市场机会获取研究

互联网通讯技术及电子商务的迅猛发展对创业企业国际市场机会获取产生了积极影响,并极大促进了创业企业国际化发展。但在国际创业理论框架下,系统探究互联网使能与创业企业国际化的研究仍然鲜见。在文献梳理的基础上,以创业理论核心机会获取为切入点,构建互联网使能情境下创业企业国际市场机会获取概念模型,并对未来研究提出相关建议。     

机遇管理与企业竞争优势

本文从企业成长过程中所面临的问题出发,运用机遇管理理论分析了企业辨识、评价、利用和营造机遇的运行机制,阐释了企业发展过程中机遇管理的重要性和必然性。从经济学的视角来看,企业的竞争优势来源于经济租金,经济租金可以分为基于低成本和差异化的张伯伦租金、基于资源和能力的李嘉图租金、基于知识和创新的熊彼特租金。本文分析了企业机遇管理在企业获取经济租金、建立竞争优势中的作用,分析了机遇管理与低成本和差异化、资源和能力、知识和创新之间的关系。本文认为,机遇管理有利于获得与维持企业租金：企业通过机遇管理有助于实现低成本和差异化,获取张伯伦租金;有助于企业获得稀缺资源,提高能力,获取李嘉图租金;有助于企业积累知识,促进创新,获取熊彼特租金。本文从经济学的角度分析了企业竞争优势的来源,论证了企业租金的来源正是企业竞争优势的来源,探索了企业通过机遇管理建立竞争优势的新方法、新途径。     

The economic costs of avoided deforestation in the developing world: A meta-analysis

This meta-analysis aims to identify the key factors governing the economic costs of avoided deforestation in developing countries. To this end, data were collected from 32 primary studies published between 1995 and 2012, yielding 277 observations. Results show that unit costs depend significantly on cost features like estimation methodology, inclusion or exclusion of cost components, carbon accounting method, area size, alternative land uses and beneficiaries, time horizon, and the continent in which the forest protection scheme is implemented, but also factors like the share of agriculture in a nation's economy play a significant role in explaining unit costs. In future studies, greater attention needs to be paid to additional cost components like transaction costs and the presence of the co-benefits of avoided deforestation.     

Ranking opportunity sets in a simple intertemporal framework

We extend the problem of ranking subsets (opportunity sets) of a set of alternatives to an intertemporal setting, whereby the agent makes a sequence of choice decisions over time. In particular, we show in a simple two-period model that an agent who satisfies five plausible axioms ranks opportunity sets in a lexicographic fashion. That is, the agent ranks opportunity sets based solely on the relative desirability of their first-period alternatives, and only if the first-period alternatives are thought equally desirable does the agent consider the second-period alternatives. We discuss this strong time-discounting result and the role of the axioms, and also show that the popular “independence” axioms employed in the existing “static” literature are inconsistent with some reasonable axioms regarding intertemporal choice.      

Customer-to-customer exchange: Its MOA antecedents and its impact on value creation and loyalty

Value creation through customer-to-customer exchange occurs when the perceived benefits of a company’s offering are increased as a result of customers’ interaction with one another. C2C exchange exists in a wide variety of service environments, both online and face-to-face. Drawing on the motivation, opportunity, and ability (MOA) framework, this research presents and tests a theoretical model that examines antecedents and outcomes of C2C exchange in the context of face-to-face networking behaviors at professional association meetings. Data were obtained from a survey of conference attendees, and the hypotheses were tested using moderated regression and path analysis. The results show a three-way interaction effect among the MOA factors, that the MOA model does predict the level of C2C exchange, and that C2C exchange does enhance service value perceptions and customer loyalty intentions.     

应收账款机会成本模型的探讨

本文从加强应收账款管理的必要性出发,对是否考虑上年影响以及各年赊销水平是否稳定等三种情况下的应收账款机会成本模型进行了系统的探讨,为经营者管理好企业应收账款提供一些启示。     

沿海地区和平崛起过程中民营科技企业利益制衡分析

和平崛起已经成为中国的国家意志与国家理念。沿海地区和平崛起过程中民营科技企业的成长已经形成中国社会经济长足发展的领跑者现象。经济利益是社会经济发展的动力，又是经济改革得失的测量器，也是社会制度巩崮和完善的稳定器。面对沿海地区和平崛起过程中民营科技企业的现实、具体的经济利益关系，必须着重处理好机会经济利益、风险经济利益、综合经济利益追求引导和制衡问题。     

Opportunity identification for sustainable entrepreneurship: Exploring the interplay of individual and context level factors in India

Sustainable entrepreneurship is becoming an increasingly established topic within the entrepreneurship literature. The phenomenon of businesses incorporating social and environmental agendas within their core activities has gathered an increasing academic interest. However, few empirical studies have explored the stage of opportunity identification in the sustainable entrepreneurship process in a more systematic manner, even more so in non-Western contexts such as India. We structure our analysis using a framework situated in the conventional entrepreneurship literature and the literature on National Business Systems (NBS). We conduct a qualitative study to explore the motivations of Indian sustainable entrepreneurs in two sectors: sustainable energy and ethical clothing. While we find that the conventional entrepreneurship based framework provides crucial insights to understand opportunity identification within sustainable entrepreneurship, we also observe a number of features unique to sustainable entrepreneurship in the Indian context—including the personal backgrounds of the participants as well as prioritization of motivational factors. Importantly, we find notable within-country variation in the contextual factors that appear to shape motivational dynamics. In the words of one participant, “there are many Indias” rather than one monolithic approach to sustainable entrepreneurship in India.