The housing bubble and a new approach to accounting for housing in a CPI

Over the course of the recent house price bubble in the United States, the price of homes rose rapidly from 1999 Q4 to 2005 Q4 (11.3% annually as measured by the Case-Shiller index, and 8.4% annually as measured by the Federal Housing Financing Agency) but slowly as measured by owner equivalent rents (3.4%), so measured core inflation remained relatively docile during this period, since only rents are used to measure inflation for housing services in the United States. Over the last several decades, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has experimented with both rental equivalence and user cost approaches for accounting for owner occupied housing (OOH) services in the CPI. We explain the basics of these approaches, and outline the BLS experiences with using them. This assessment leads us to conclude that the time has come to try a new approach: the opportunity cost approach. We argue this approach has advantages over both the conventional rental equivalence and user cost approaches, though it embeds components of the measures for both those approaches and builds solidly on the research of Verbrugge and others at the BLS. Also, we take up empirical issues that must be faced regardless of which of the approaches discussed is adopted. We explain how the repeat-sales and various hedonic regression methods can be placed in a common framework, thereby facilitating understanding of the properties of and the tradeoffs between the methods. We also consider measurement complications that arise because the land and structure components of properties depreciate at different rates.     

The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship

Contemporary theories of entrepreneurship generally focus on the recognition of opportunities and the decision to exploit them. Although the entrepreneurship literature treats opportunities as exogenous, the prevailing theory of economic growth suggests they are endogenous. This paper advances the microeconomic foundations of endogenous growth theory by developing a knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship. Knowledge created endogenously results in knowledge spillovers, which allow entrepreneurs to identify and exploit opportunities.

政府控制、成长性与企业现金持有价值

本文以2001-2006年国有上市公司的经验数据为样本,对国有上市公司实际控制人按照行政级别分为中央政府和地方政府,以当前国有资产管理体制以及国有资产布局调整为制度背景,在分析国有企业成长性和投资机会的差异后,研究发现,在具有同样成长性的情况下,如果上市公司属于中央政府控制,其持有现金的价值大于地方政府所控制上市公司。     

论我国银行业衍生金融工具的会计确认

衍生金融工具的会计确认具有明显的特殊性。近年来,由于我国商业银行开展的衍生性金融交易规模不断扩大,因此探究我国银行业衍生金融工具的会计确认问题,具有十分积极的现实意义。     

信用风险缓释工具会计问题探讨

信用风险缓释工具是2010年中国银行间市场创新试点推出的信用风险管理工具,旨在将标的债务的信用风险剥离、定价,并将其转移给风险偏好投资者。信用风险缓释工具的交易有利于完善市场风险分担机制和防范系统风险,从而可以促进宏观金融平稳发展。信用风险缓释工具作为创新产品,尽管对其参与商、工具创设、产品交易、信息披露和风险管理等方面有较为明确的规范,但缺乏相关的会计信息列报规范。本文以国际财务报告准则和我国企业会计准则对金融工具的有关规定为基础,提出了完善我国信用风险缓释工具会计确认、计量与列报的路径。     

Condominium Townhouse Investment

This accounting case involves the evaluation of various alternatives based on a real‐life personal property investment. The Condominium Townhouse Investment (CTI) case uses introductory management accounting concepts and analyses to introduce students to the case method of learning. The main concepts reinforced are relevant costs and revenues, including differentiating between opportunity and sunk costs. Students are not only asked to define and identify these items, but to consider choices centered on the decision alternatives in their role as accountants in public practice. This case is especially valuable because it offers students the chance to become engaged in an analysis and decision‐making situation that they can relate to both personally and professionally because, one day, they themselves are likely to become involved in a home ownership decision. The case focuses on real estate as a personal business investment, and requires both qualitative and quantitative analysis, with more emphasis on the qualitative aspect. In addition, the teaching notes include methods and strategies for students to use in an introductory managerial accounting class or level‐1 MBA class.     

创业环境动态性、创业学习与创业机会识别关系研究

通过引入创业环境动态变化频率和变化幅度,以及实用主义、顺从主义、贯融主义3种创业认知学习方式,扩展了现有创业机会识别仿真模型,研究了创业环境动态性、创业学习与创业机会识别之间的作用机制。仿真结果表明：在发现观视角下,实用主义是一种高效但不稳定的学习方式;顺从主义是一种效率一般但较为稳定的学习方式;贯融主义是一种低效的学习方式。为了提高创业机会识别能力,创业者需要根据环境类型选择不同学习策略。在变化慢、变化小的环境中,创业者的最佳学习策略是采用实用主义并保持较快的个体学习速率;在变化慢、变化大和变化快、变化小的环境中,创业者的最佳学习策略是采用实用主义并保持较慢的个体学习速率;在变化快、变化大的环境中,创业者的最佳学习策略是采用顺从主义并保持较快的个体学习速率。     

International entrepreneurship beyond individuals and firms: On the systemic nature of international opportunities

The present study approaches opportunities in international entrepreneurship from a systemic perspective. Based on research on the collectiveness of opportunities in international entrepreneurship and the concepts of activity and object from activity theory, we develop a systemic conceptualization of opportunity-oriented international entrepreneurship. Through an empirical study in Finland and Israel, we depict six collective opportunity beliefs, considered from the viewpoints of society, international venture, and outcome expectations. Furthermore, we induce three modalities for international opportunity as the object of collective activity and model systemic opportunity shaping as the core activity of international entrepreneurship.     

一种三级技术机会识别方法及其应用——基于SAO语义分析和多维技术创新地图

精准识别技术创新机会对于企业在复杂多变的市场竞争环境中立于不败之地至关重要。首先,基于SAO（Subject-Action-Object,主语-谓语-宾语）语义分析,从专利文本中抽取SAO结构;其次,以多维技术创新地图创新维度为导航,构建具象技术创新维度初始词典,利用SAO语义相似度计算和主题聚类,进一步构建基于创新维度的三级语义知识库;再次,运用多维技术创新地图的创新法则及维法耦合原理对基于创新维度的三级语义知识库进行迭代变换,实现技术形态、创新子维、创新维度三级技术机会识别;最后,以3D打印机领域为例验证研究方法的可行性和有效性,可为企业高效、精准识别技术创新机会提供参考依据。     

创业平台资源警觉、意义给赋与在孵企业机会开发：多重中介模型检验

创业平台应具备何种认知以及如何影响在孵企业机会开发,是孵化资源利用率提升的关键。基于认知领域警觉理论,研究创业平台资源警觉对在孵企业机会开发（创新型和模仿型）的影响,以及意义给赋（直接和间接给赋方式）的多重中介效应。以入驻创业平台的在孵企业为调研样本,通过结构方程模型进行实证检验。结果发现：创业平台资源警觉对在孵企业创新型和模仿型机会开发均具有显著正向影响;意义给赋中的直接和间接给赋在二者间起完全中介作用;直接和间接给赋的中介效应不具有统计上的显著差异。研究结论对于创业平台明确组织角色、优化服务,进而提升孵化资源利用率具有一定指导意义。