Functional fixation: Experimental evidence on the presentation of financial information through different digital formats

This study examines whether, in the presentation of financial information, digital formats address the concern over users’ functional fixation. The accounting literature indicates that the presentation of financial information either within the financial statements or in the notes to the financial statements often creates functional fixation where users of financial statements fail to adjust for differences in accounting policy. This leads users to judge what would otherwise be identical financial situations as being different due to the different accounting policies and methods adopted. It has been suggested that the use of digital formats in presenting financial reports may overcome functional fixation. Using an experimental design involving accountants in public practice, the results indicate that the use of digital formats to present financial reports does not fully overcome the issue of functional fixation in the processing of financial information. Although the participants were able to identify and extract relevant information, irrespective of whether or not the information was presented within the financial statements or in the notes to the accounts, the evidence indicates that functional fixation remained when the participants made final decisions based on available information. This suggests that functional fixation may not be caused by access to or extraction of information but by the level of perceived significance based on where the information is reported in the financial statements. In general, the results indicate that current technology may not be able to fully reduce functional fixation in the evaluation of financial information prepared in accordance with different accounting policies and methods.     

中俄经贸合作:机遇 挑战 对策

俄罗斯加入WTO和俄罗斯国内外经济形势的变化,为我国同俄罗斯发展经贸合作提供了难得的机遇和严峻的挑战。面临机遇和挑战,我国应充分利用和发挥两国地缘政治战略和地缘经济战略的特有优势和重要共识,通过采取提高产品质量和售后服务、拓展合作深度和广度、办好2012~2013年中俄旅游年活动等举措,扩大和深化中俄经贸合作。     

The Equal Employment Opportunity Law and labor force behavior of women in Japan

This study uses repeated cross-sectional data to investigate the impact of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law (EEOL) for men and women enacted in 1986 on labor force behavior of women. I find that regular employment among women, examined separately by education and marital status, did not increase after the enactment of the EEOL. Cohorts of women who graduated from university after the EEOL married later or were less likely to marry than previous cohorts.     

Confirmatory search as a useful heuristic? testing the veracity of entrepreneurial conjectures

Researchers have focused attention on the problematic effects of confirmatory search applied to opportunity evaluations, arguing that a confirmatory strategy almost always leads to poor decisions. The implicit assumption of this research is that confirmatory search cannot conclusively falsify an entrepreneurial conjecture. In this article we focus on circumstances where the search for confirming information (positive test strategy) is a superior strategy for testing the veracity of a conjecture.     

国际金融危机背景下的中国对外直接投资

在国际金融危机的背景下,中国对外直接投资不但没有放缓,反而迅速增长。本文对现阶段中国对外直接投资的特点、机遇和存在的问题进行分析,并从政府和企业两个层面提出促进中国对外直接投资进一步健康发展的相应战略。     

Estimating the weight of opportunity costs in housing consumption

Behavioural economics suggests that people tend to neglect or underweight opportunity costs. However, strong empirical evidence for the size of the underweighting appears to be largely absent from the literature. What are the weights people attach to opportunity costs relative to out-of-pocket costs? In this article, I estimate the weight of opportunity costs in probably the largest economic decision that households make: buying a house. I show that homeowners attach approximately twice as much weight to out-of-pocket costs of their housing consumption than to the opportunity costs associated with this.     

不同质量能力企业的质量信号选择偏好分析

质量能力提升与质量信号传递是新常态下制造业企业提高产品质量,实现市场需求的重要途径。基于2015年中国企业-员工匹配调查数据,运用Oprobit模型对不同质量能力企业的产品质量信号选择偏好进行研究。结果表明,质量战略能力强的企业更倾向于选择强制性标准或市场性价格作为质量信号传递的载体,质量运营能力强的企业更倾向于选择自愿性商标或强制性标准作为质量信号传递的载体,而质量管控能力对质量信号选择倾向的作用不显著,质量竞争能力强的企业并不认可除品牌外的质量信号作为产品质量能力的效用。基于此,建议加大对标准信息缺失或造假的监管力度,鼓励企业进行第三方认证,降低第三方认证成本,同时鼓励企业进行质量战略能力及品牌能力的建设与提升。     

The Opportunities, Risks and Suggestions for Overseas Direct Investment of Chinese Enterprises Based on the Background of Global Sovereign Debt Crisis

2008年金融危机以来,欧美等发达国家主权债务危机接连爆发。危机的发生带来跨国公司在全球范围内对生产经营的调整,从而影响全球资本流动,也给我国企业拓展海外投资带来了机遇和风险并存的外部环境。本文从境外直接投资角度,分析主权债务危机给中国企业境外投资带来的机遇和风险,并对我国企业在主权债务危机背景下开展境外直接投资活动提出了相关建议。     

机会不均等:收入分配失衡的经济学解析

改革开放以来,我国经济社会发展取得了巨大的成就,然而,伴随着经济增长,收入差距的不断扩大,分配不公现象日益严峻。本文分析了收入分配差距存在的合理性,审视了当前我国收入分配的状况及特征,在此基础上提出机会不均等是收入差距产生的根本原因,必须深化收入分配制度改革,才能从根本上解决收入分配不公的问题。     

影响城乡收入差距的制度因素分析——基于机会不平等理论的分析框架

当前城乡收入差距日益扩大,需要社会给予广泛而全面地关注。本文在总结了现有主要解释框架的基础上,引入机会不平等理论对城乡收入差距进行了分析,揭示出现有社会制度条件下的城乡收入差距的成因。