Are high‐performance work practices (HPWPs) enabling or disabling? Exploring the relationship between selected HPWPs and work‐related disability disadvantage

We develop the organizational characteristics element of Stone and Colella's (1996) framework by drawing on the Ability–Motivation–Opportunity (AMO) model to assess the relationship between high‐performance work practices (HPWPs) and work‐related disability disadvantage. We develop competing “enabling” and “disabling” hypotheses concerning the influence of selected HPWPs (competency testing, performance appraisal, individual performance‐related pay, teamworking, and functional flexibility) on disabled relative to nondisabled employees. An empirical assessment of these competing hypotheses using matched employer–employee data from the nationally representative British Workplace Employment Relations Study 2011 reveals a negative relationship between these HPWPs when used in combination and the proportion of disabled employees at the workplace, although this relationship disappears in workplaces with a wide range of disability equality practices. While disabled employees report lower work‐related well‐being than their nondisabled counterparts, we find limited evidence that this is associated with the presence of HPWPs.     

Labor allocation to non-timber extraction in a Mexican rainforest community

This paper analyzes the determinants of participation in the extraction of xate palm, the most important non-timber forest product in the Mexican Lacandona Rainforest (Selva Lacandona) in terms of its contribution to cash income for households. Results show that low opportunity costs and low human capital, two strong correlates of rural poverty, significantly explain the degree of participation in xate extraction. This gives reasons to be moderately optimistic about the poverty-reduction potential of programs that successfully increase the price of xate received by extractors.     

信阳市中药材发展的SWOT分析

该文运用SWOT分析法,对信阳市中药材的生态环境、经济环境、发展环境等各个方面进行了全面的研究论证,剖析了信阳市中药材发展的优势和劣势,分析了当前面临的机遇与挑战,并有针对性地提出了中药材产业发展的对策举措。     

西部地区农户禀赋对农业技术采纳的影响分析

本文着眼于农户禀赋对农业技术采纳决策的影响 ,以我国西部陕西、宁夏、四川三省区的 41 9个农户样本、2 8个村级样本为依据 ,在修正了现有理论模型的基础上 ,对小麦新品种技术和蔬菜、水果的保护地生产技术两种在采纳成本上分属不同层次的技术进行分析。在分析过程中 ,我们把机会成本引进模型 ,得出新技术的进入门槛和技术采纳的机会成本共同影响着农户采纳农业新技术的可能性等相关结论 ,从而提出改变技术推广思路等相关建议。     

Socio-cognitive traits and entrepreneurship: The moderating role of economic institutions

We examine how country-level institutional context moderates the relationship between three socio-cognitive traits—entrepreneurial self-efficacy, alertness to new business opportunities, and fear of failure—and opportunity entrepreneurship. To do this, we blend social cognitive theory (SCT) with institutional theory to develop a multi-level model of entrepreneurial entry. We merge data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) surveys and the Economic Freedom of the World (EFW) index for 45 countries from 2002 to 2012. Our results, which are based on a multi-level fixed-effects model, suggest that entrepreneurs' self-efficacy and alertness to new opportunities promote opportunity entrepreneurship while fear of failure discourages it. However, the strength of these relationships depends on the institutional context, with entrepreneurial self-efficacy and alertness substantially more likely to lead to new opportunity-driven ventures in countries with higher levels of economic freedom. These results provide suggestive evidence that economic freedom not only channels individual effort to productive entrepreneurial activities, but also affects the extent to which individuals' socio-cognitive resources are likely to mobilized and lead to high-growth entrepreneurship.     

Human identification with electrocardiogram

ABSTRACT

In recent years, due to the popularity of wearable and implantable devices, the application of electrocardiogram (ECG) recognition for human identification has become more and more feasible. ECG is an important biological signal, which can be used for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. After more than 20 years of research, it has been established that the ECG signal is unique to individual. This article intends to summarize the previous algorithms and applications in ECG recognition for human identification, while introducing the concept, history, algorithm summary, hardware platform etc. In addition, we also discuss some important issues in order to provide a helpful guideline for future research.     

Peer effect in the initial recognition of goodwill

This study investigates the peer effect in the initial recognition of goodwill. We find that firms imitate their peers in the initial recognition of goodwill. The higher the tendency for imitation, the higher the proportion of goodwill recognized. Imitation behavior in the initial recognition of goodwill cannot be explained by information acquisition or rivalry motivations. Instead, we find evidence that managers’ opportunistic motivations explain the peer effect in the initial recognition of goodwill and the overestimation of goodwill arising from imitation tendencies. Executive overconfidence weakens the peer effect but exacerbates the overestimation of goodwill caused by imitation tendencies. Finally, the higher the imitation tendency, the greater the probability and amount of goodwill impairment in the future. This further confirms that the peer effect leads to overestimation of goodwill. The findings of this study enrich the literature on goodwill and provide insightful empirical evidence for regulating goodwill accounting. The results show that the conservatism principle should be reinforced in the initial recognition of goodwill.     

基于新企业成长的商业模式与创业机会匹配 ——多案例纵向研究

新企业生存和成长与创业机会类型及开发方式密切相关，但对于如何进行创业机会开发以促进企业成长的研究甚少。通过对4家企业跨案例分析，探索商业模式设计与创业机会识别方式匹配如何影响新企业成长，研究发现：创业机会识别、商业模式设计能够通过发挥新企业优势、克服劣势提升创业绩效；商业模式设计与创业机会匹配对创业绩效有显著影响，不同匹配方式对绩效的影响不同；新颖型商业模式与发现型创业机会或创造型创业机会匹配均能产生较好的创业绩效；效率型商业模式与创造型创业机会匹配能产生较好的创业绩效，但其与发现型创业机会匹配对创业绩效的影响不确定。     

产业价值链视角下潜在专利交易机会挖掘方法研究

保障专利交易顺利进行，对于企业生存与发展至关重要，但是迅速、准确地寻找潜在专利交易对象并不容易。从产业价值链视角，提出一种挖掘潜在专利交易机会的方法。基于专利技术价值，结合技术本体理论，利用语义分析法，定性、定量地确定、分析专利权人在产业价值链上的分布，并以此为前提进行专利交易关系判断、交易意愿分析等，从而实现潜在专利交易机会的挖掘与速成。     

Gender differences in evaluation of new business opportunity: A stereotype threat perspective

This study draws on stereotype threat theory to explore differences between men and women on evaluation of new business opportunities. Two controlled experiments, one with business students in Turkey and another with working professionals in the United States, were conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to specific experimental conditions and their assessment of a new business opportunity was measured after presentation of stereotypical information. As predicted, men reported higher opportunity evaluation than women when no gender stereotypical information was presented, whereas men and women evaluated the business opportunity equally favorably when entrepreneurs were described using gender-neutral attributes. Interestingly, gender differences in opportunity evaluation were exacerbated when entrepreneurship was linked to masculine stereotypical information, and reversed in favor of women when entrepreneurship was linked to feminine stereotypical information. Practical implications and directions for future research are discussed.