加快广西农业保险发展的思考

本文立足于广西农业生产发展,分析了广西农业保险的发展现状及其存在的一些问题,阐述了在目前全球金融危机的大环境下广西农业和农业保险发展的历史机遇,提出了把握机遇、解决问题、加快广西农业保险发展的系列对策。     

Making the ‘rules of the game’: Constituting territory and authority in Nicaragua's indigenous communities

Indigenous communities, particularly in Latin America, are increasingly winning recognition of rights to lands and forests that they have managed or used historically under customary institutions. If property refers to ‘the rules of the game’, this article uses the constitution of indigenous communal territories in Nicaragua to examine the process of ‘making the rules’. Specifically, the recognition of rights by central governments leads to political contestations over both territory and authority as communities and indigenous political leaders vie for different configurations of both lands and new territorial authorities. That is, the process of constituting large collective territories is intimately related to the constitution of authority, as it involves not only the negotiation of physical boundaries but also the recognition of an existing authority structure – or the creation of a new entity – to represent the beneficiaries. In Nicaragua's North Atlantic Autonomous Region, then, the decision over ‘which configuration of territory’ is ultimately a political negotiation over which ‘authority’ will have the right to control and enforce access to which rights and benefits from land and natural resources.     

基于社会主义新农村建设的商业保险发展策略

建设社会主义新农村离不开商业保险的保驾护航,同时也为商业保险提供了千载难逢的发展机遇.扎实做好保险宣传普及工作,提高农村公众的参与度;积极争取政府政策扶持,为农村保险发展创造良好环境;因地制宜地细分市场,开发适销对路的农村保险产品;完善服务措施等都是促进农村商业保险发展的有效手段,也是抓住这一机遇谋求自身发展,并积极推动社会主义新农村建设的重要措施.     

逻辑学视角下创业机会概念的跨学科研究

创业机会作为创业领域的核心概念至今模糊不清,严重阻碍了创业理论与实践的发展。在系统总结现有相关知识的基础上,采用更加科学的方法进一步明确创业机会的概念已成为当下最迫切的需求。通过搜集到的122篇国内外相关重要文献,在对其理论基础、研究设计、分析技术、变量测量等理论方法,以及机会的本质属性、前因变量、结果变量、调节变量等相关主题进行全面细致梳理的基础上,采用逻辑学理论分析方法对创业机会概念的内涵与外延进行了深入研究。研究结果对先前相关研究不仅提供了佐证而且进行了修正。最后指出了研究的不足之处,并指明了后续研究方向。     

The motives of off-the-books entrepreneurs: necessity- or opportunity-driven?

In recent years, it has become common to represent entrepreneurs as either necessity- or opportunity-driven. Drawing upon face-to-face interviews in England with 70 entrepreneurs trading wholly or partially off-the-books, this paper evaluates critically this dichotomous representation. The finding is that squeezing the motives of off-the-books entrepreneurs into one side or the other of this dichotomy not only over-simplifies their rationales since both necessity and opportunity motives are often involved but also obfuscates how their motives change over time. The outcome is a call to replace this either/or depiction with a richer and more nuanced both/and understanding of off-the-books entrepreneurs that recognises their diverse and dynamic motives.

企业家机会能力构成——基于民营企业的实证分析

基于企业家机会发现过程理论和对企业家的访谈,提出企业家机会能力包括机会搜寻能力、机会识别能力和机会评价能力。对256位民营企业家的问卷调查验证了企业家机会能力的3种子能力构成,深化了企业家机会能力理论。对比122家民营企业的高管评价和企业家自评发现,尽管民营企业家机会能力略高于一般水平,但他们需要重新审视自身的机会能力,尤其是机会评价能力,为企业家机会能力的改善提供了一定借鉴。     

技术-经济范式赶超机遇与中国创新政策转型

新技术革命为我国带来了新的技术赶超机遇,但也加剧了国家间的技术竞争。“中兴事件”暴露出我国核心技术自主创新能力短板。根据佩蕾丝、弗里曼等对技术革命浪潮的研究,当前我国正处在新旧技术-经济范式转换阶段,处于技术赶超机遇期。美、德两国在19世纪下半叶赶超英国的经验给我国的启示是,以追踪世界新技术-经济范式为导向的创新政策是我国实现技术赶超的必要条件。要抓住技术赶超机遇就必须反思目前我国创新政策缺陷,通过创新政策转型和创新,营造促进民族企业创新的社会经济环境,从而引导创新环境特征转变、促进向世界新技术-经济范式转换并跻身于并跑和领跑行列。因此,加强金融规制、系统性支持民族创新企业、培育民族高技术产业创新集群、加大人力资本投资力度和鼓励人才流动等成为我国创新政策转型的重要内容。     

创业者经验对创业机会识别影响模型构建

基于现有创业经验学习研究文献,清晰地界定了创业机会识别、创业者经验、创业学习和创业自我效能的概念,划分其维度,深入探讨了创业者经验对创业机会识别的作用机制,提出相关理论命题,构建了创业者经验-创业学习、创业自我效能-创业机会识别理论模型,为创业者经验实证研究奠定了必要的理论基础。在此基础上,指出研究局限,并对未来创业者经验研究方向进行了展望。     

To thine own self be true: Images of self,images of opportunity,and entrepreneurial action

While research in entrepreneurship continues to increase general understanding of the opportunity-recognition process, questions about its nature nonetheless persist. In this study, we seek to complement recent research that relates “the self” to the opportunity-recognition process by deepening understanding of the self vis-à-vis this process. We do this by drawing on the self-representation literature and the decision-making literature to introduce two distinct types of images of self: images of vulnerability and images of capability. In a study of 1936 decisions about hypothetical entrepreneurial opportunities made by 121 executives of technology firms, we then investigate how both types of images of self affect the images of opportunities that underlie opportunity recognition. Our results indicate that both images of self – vulnerability and capability – impact one's images of opportunity.