试论调整农业结构与构建区域特色农业

本文从阐述世纪之交农业结构调整的背景入手,分析调整农业结构与构建区域特色农业的关系,进而就构建区域特色农业问题提出若干理论思考和实证探讨。     

国有经济结构分析与调整对策

国有经济战略调整是中央提出的国有企业改革和发展的重要目标。在计划经济体制向市场经济体制的转轨过程中，国有经济的分布仍不够合理，国有企业在竞争领域仍然占有很大的比重，在经济结构的优化方面仍然存在着一些不容忽视的问题。因此，对这一问题的深入研究，具有重要意义。     

1979年以来浙江省行政区划调整变更的过程及作用--兼论中国未来行政区划改革走向

1979年改革开放以来,浙江省的行政区划调整变更频繁,突出表现在城市化地区和“市”建制的设置上,变化的原因多出于经济方面,出于政府主导型的城市化进程的需要。总的来看,这一时期行政区划的调整对浙江省经济、社会和政治文明的发展和进步,对城市化进程的推进,都起到了一定的促进作用;但其中仍然存在一些问题。文章在全面梳理1979年以来浙江省行政区划调整变化过程的基础上,分析其起到的作用及其局限;并对中国未来的行政区划走向进行分析,提出一些改革的政策建议。认为：应从上层和基层、宏观和微观、长远和近期诸方面同时推进,一方面积极推进国家整体的行政区划改革,在时机成熟时修改宪法、法律,确立符合国情和适应市场经济要求的、有利于建设民主政治和市民社会的行政区划体系和政府管理体制;另一方面,在不与现行法规冲突的情况下,关注小城镇行政区划体制的创新和城市、乡村基层(准)政区即城市社区、乡村社区的建设及居民、村民自治的推进。     

湘南农业结构调整与优化的政策建设探讨

农业结构调整与优化是我国21世纪农业发展战略的必然选择,但须有强力政策支持体系。因此,必须对农业结构调整与优化政策进行准确定位,并建立与之相适应的政策目标和措施体系。作为具有相对区域优势和特殊地位的湘南农业,还应该有自己的区域政策。     

When the going gets tough: the influence of expatriate resilience and perceived organizational inclusion climate on work adjustment and turnover intentions

Abstract

Despite the strong evidence for the beneficial influence of resilience for employee stress resistance in domestic settings, the construct has not received much attention in the expatriation literature, where stress is considered a major factor for expatriates’ poor cross-cultural adjustment and turnover. Drawing upon conservation of resources theory, the present study examines resilience as an antecedent of expatriate work adjustment and turnover intentions. Furthermore, this study investigates the moderating role of perceived organizational inclusion climate as a resource-protecting organizational factor. Results from a survey of 175 expatriates in South Korea indicate that resilience is positively related to expatriate work adjustment and that these positive effects are more pronounced when expatriates perceive their organizational climate to be highly inclusive. Furthermore, findings suggest that work adjustment mediates the effects of resilience on turnover intentions and that this mediation is moderated by a perceived organizational inclusion climate. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.     

Organizational expatriates and self-initiated expatriates: who adjusts better to work and life in Japan?

Expatriates are often presented in the cross-cultural adjustment literature as a homogeneous, broad population. However, recent research that makes a distinction between organizational expatriates (OEs), those who are dispatched by their home companies to international posts, and self-initiated expatriates (SIEs), those who themselves make the decision to live and work abroad, has identified differences between the two groups. The present study compares the cross-cultural adjustment of these two groups of expatriates. Survey results of 179 expatriates in Japan show that SIEs are better adjusted to general aspects of their host country and interactions with host-country nationals than OEs. Suggestions for practice are provided.     

浅析铁路工程调概索赔策略

铁路项目造价控制是通过概算来控制的,设计院出据的经审核的核备概算是在初步设计基础上编制的,但投资检算仅是对设计的一种考核而不是工程造价的控制指标。这就造成由于设计深度不同造成工程造价不能反映最终的工程施工情况,设计院为了不受到处罚,在投检编制过程中出现可能超概算的情况时,采用人为降低造价标准或一些需发生项目不计算费用的办法,来使投检额控制在概算范围内。为此,如何做好铁路工程的调概索赔管理、通过项目经营求得效益最大化更具挑战性。     

Location factors of FDI and the growing services economy1

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has increasingly shifted toward the service sector. This change in the industrial composition of FDI and the non‐tradable nature of services may have altered the importance of location factors for investment decisions. To capture potential changes in FDI determinants, a contrasting sectoral analysis is performed. Based on FDI stock data from eight new EU member states for the period 1998–2004, we implement a dynamic panel approach allowing the speed of adjustment to the equilibrium investment level to vary across sectors. Results support our assumption that investment into the service sector, which is characterized by low installation costs, adjusts much faster to its desired level than manufacturing FDI. Thus, government interventions to attract FDI are likely to boost the service sector immediately while having a slower impact on manufacturing FDI. Furthermore, as services are mostly non‐tradable, FDI into this sector is largely based on market‐seeking motives while FDI in the manufacturing sector is also driven by international price competitiveness measured by real unit labour costs.     

出口导向型企业在目前经济形势下的调整

改革开放以来,出口导向型发展模式大大地推动了出口贸易的迅速发展,加快了产业结构调整与升级,提升了我国的国际地位和影响力,促进了国民经济持续稳定增长。但是,随着国际经济环境和国内宏观经济的变化,出口导向型发展模式面临着许多风险,我国应改变粗放型出口增长方式,提高劳动生产率和科技水平,提高内需对经济增长的拉动作用,加快科技创新,提高核心竞争力。     

金融自由化、非对称调整与新兴市场的金融危机

二战后,新兴市场经济(EMS)也存在广泛的金融抑制。抑制政策可能有短期增长效应;但本文理论模型显示,长期内,竞争机制会耗散金融租金,EMS实际增长率低于有保障和自然的增长率。70年代末期以来,EMS放松了金融规制。因价格调整快于数量调整、金融市场调整快于产品和劳动力市场,金融自由化产生负产出效应。负产出是基本的风险源。来自于金融、实际部门的任何冲击以及制度与政策失灵,都可能引发金融危机。抑制程度越深,负产出效应越大,人均产出越低,自由化过程中发生金融危机的概率也越大。本文使用25个国家1980～2001年的数据,以二元选择模型对上述假说进行实证检验。