健康物联网技术应用伦理难题研究

健康物联网（H-IoT）技术进步带来医疗健康等领域的革命性变化,并为医疗、保健、护理和科学研究带来新机遇。由于互联网设备的固有风险、健康数据的敏感性以及医疗保健服务形式的转变,H-IoT技术应用将带来一系列伦理难题,具体包括：加剧个人信息泄露风险、H-IoT数据所有权与有效性的冲突、数据主体自主权与数据共享的冲突,以及由H-IoT介导护理产生的用户社会孤立化、医疗去情景化以及护理非专业化等。以国际代表性研究成果的理论框架为参考,从设备、数据协议、实践等层面分析未来需重点解决的H-IoT技术进步与应用伦理难题。     

股权结构、董事会治理与上市公司高管违规行为——我国上市公司高管人员"落马"现象的实证分析

本文采集了2004年1月～2006年1月期间公开披露高管人员违规落马现象的31家上市公司作为研究样本,通过逻辑回归模型对股权结构、董事会治理与上市公司高管违规行为进行了实证分析.研究表明,股权集中度与上市公司高管违规成显著正相关;董事会规模、高管薪酬、学历构成、内部人控制等因素与上市公司高管违规有显著相关关系.治理上市公司高管违规,应重点从股权结构和董事会治理上取得实效.     

A Critique of ‘Neoliberal Autonomy’: The Rhetoric of Ownership Society

The rhetoric of the Ownership Society defined by the Cato Institute has been integral to framing the motivation behind the Social Security reform introduced by George W. Bush. This motivational frame involves a fierce advocacy of what we will call ‘neoliberal autonomy’ in a Hayekian and Friedmanite sense. For Hayek and Friedman, the social adequacy component of Social Security is problematized in the name of self-reliance and individual choice, which rejects any authoritative standards as morally indefensible. Nevertheless, the rhetoric of the Ownership Society, though it glorifies the neoliberal notion of autonomy, does not explicitly question the moral basis of Social Security. Rather, by defining the terms of debate, it frames the meaning of Social Security along neoliberal lines in an attempt to make a supposedly detached economic case for private retirement accounts. In this ‘pro-privatization’ framework, the social adequacy component of the Social Security system fades away as individual equity, or actuarial fairness, comes to the fore as the chief theme. We suggest a ‘pro-social’ rhetoric that recognizes the pursuit of social standards as providing the element of autonomy.

Government support and bank performance during the 2007–2008 financial crisis

Though previous studies suggest a state participation has a negative impact on banks, this paper highlights the potential benefits of state ownership for confidence and stability in the post-crisis period that can outweigh the inefficiencies and potential for corruption of political intervention. We find that the state guarantees are valuable during the crisis. The negative (positive) relation between state ownership and bank profitability (risk) is mitigated in the post-crisis period. Financially troubled banks that receive a transfer payment or capital injection experience improved performance during the post-bailout period.     

The impact of prudential toolkits on loan growth in Central and Eastern European banking systems

This paper examines the effects of prudential policy on loan growth in 11 Central and Eastern European banking systems, spanning the period from 2000 to 2015. Based on the measures taken by the authorities of our sample countries, we build several prudential indices. Additionally, we control for the effects of several country-specific factors and bank-specific characteristics. Finally, we test the homogeneity of these effects, accounting for cycle, ownership, and bank effects. Generally, the empirical findings reveal a negative correlation between prudential toolkits and credit growth, with a conspicuous impact for tools targeting lending activity. We see that the effects of a change in the lending framework on loan growth are heterogeneous when we account for crisis and cycle patterns. Furthermore, the interaction between ownership and crisis reveals that, in normal times, foreign banks recorded higher loan growth compared to domestic banks. The opposite is true in turbulent times. The analysis of interactions between credit-based measures and bank-specific variables show that the effects of prudential actions depend on the bank size and leverage.     

Entrenched management,capital structure changes and firm value

The relationship between managerial share ownership and the firm’s change in leverage around a security issuance is examined. We find that entrenched managers are not more likely to issue equity, however they do affect lower leverage by choosing debt issuances which are smaller and equity issuances that are larger than those chosen by managers that are not entrenched. The magnitude of the decline in leverage that occurs from before the issuance to after the issuance is positively related to managerial share ownership. In addition, this relationship is confined to only the “entrenchment” range of managerial share ownership. The market reacts negatively to an issuance announcement when managerial share ownership is high.

最终控制人性质、会计信息质量与公司投资效率——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

结合Bushman和Smith的研究框架与我国新兴加转轨的制度背景,以我国沪深上市公司为研究样本,实证发现,会计信息质量与私人产权控股公司、国有资产管理部门和地方所属国有企业控股上市公司的投资过度显著负相关,且这种负相关性在它们间无明显差异;会计信息质量与私人产权控股投资不足显著负相关,但与国有资产管理部门、地方所属国有企业控股上市公司的中央直属国有企业控股上市公司的投资不足负相关性不显著。因此,本文的政策建议是加快完善我国上市公司财务报告和信息披露系统的市场基础设施建设,以更好地发挥会计信息在公司资本配置中的作用。     

赋予科研人员职务科技成果所有权的法律释义及实现路径

赋予科研人员职务科技成果所有权,是从权属规则设计上解决科技成果转化难的国家政策。但现行《合同法》、《科技进步法》、《科技成果转化法》等法律相关规定对政策试点形成制约,弱化了政策实施力度。从法律视角廓清科技成果定义及类型,界定科研人员性质及范围,探寻科技成果所有权改革的政策目的,并对政策执行面临的法律障碍进行分析,提出以意定优先为原则修订相关法律,以有利于科研人员的基准进行立法解释,并通过单位与科研人员事前协议、约定职务科技成果归属等路径,将职务科技成果所有权依法赋予科研人员,从而解决法律规定与政策执行冲突,确保政策实施的法律正当性。     

农地流转改革的所有权基础：集体抑或国家？

农地流转改革始终无法回避中国集体所有制作为地权结构基础的发展走向论证问题。做实集体土地所有权的观点忽略了土地的权利属性前提、历史与逻辑前提和地权发展的价值前提,中国终将会以"土地国家所有+做实使用权+做虚所有权"的方式来回复土地的私权属性。在土地国家独占基础下,需要对发展权的权利设置和土地承包制的运行逻辑进行着重论证,由此来夯实土地流转改革的应然性地权构造基础。     

中小板上市公司股权结构对融资偏好的影响研究

本文从代理成本和控制权收益角度分析了股权结构对融资偏好的影响,以2006年年底之前在中小企业板上市的102家公司2007至2009年的数据为样本进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,不同类型的股权结构对公司融资偏好的影响有着很大差异。法人股比例与股权融资率显著正相关,限售自然人持股比例和股权融资率呈负相关关系,国有股、高管持股比例、股权集中度、股权制衡度则对股权融资率影响不显著。中小板上市公司并未表现出主板上市公司偏好股权融资的特征,但高管持股比例过低、一股独大是中小板与主板上市公司的共性。我国中小板上市公司的高管持股比例需要提高,股权激励制度仍需进一步完善,股权集中度和股权制衡度应适度提高。