Log–Linear Mixed Models for Categorical Data

A method for construction of mixed models for categorical responses is described and its use is exemplified for three experimental designs: the repeated–measurements design, the change–over design and a design used for measurement of inter–observer agreement. The method may be viewed as an extension of the standard log–linear model methodology.     

How Will the Implementation of Zero Tariffs Affect Employment in China?

This paper studies the employment effect of China's possible implementation of zero tariffs by comparing China's most‐favored‐nation tariffs and the tariff schedules of China's signed free trade agreements (FTAs) with the tariff concessions in a typical high‐standard FTA. It finds that there is a large gap between China's current tariff status and a high‐standard FTA, and the implementation of zero tariffs in China would have a significant negative impact on employment in some industries. However, the employment effect of implementing zero tariffs is heterogeneous. Analysis at the industrial level shows that, although employment would drop in a few industries as a result of the implementation of zero tariffs, more jobs would be created in most industries. The overall employment effect of a zero tariff policy would be positive, creating an estimated 8.05 million jobs in China. Therefore, China should consider the adjustment costs brought by the labor movement in different industries and introduce relevant policies to deal with the employment shocks caused by zero tariffs.     

Should China Join the New Trans‐Pacific Partnership?

After President Donald Trump's ill‐advised pullout from the Trans‐Pacific Partnership (TPP) and despite the absence of the US, the remaining 11 Asian and Pacific countries agreed on a deal, renamed the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans‐Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). The accord took effect on 30 December 2018 and provides rigorous, up‐to‐date rules for Asia‐Pacific trade, but excludes the region's two biggest economies: the US and China. In this paper, we calculate that Chinese membership in the CPTPP would yield large economic and political benefits to China and other members. The CPTPP, in its current form, would generate global income gains estimated at US$147bn annually. If China were to join, these gains would quadruple to US$632bn, or a quarter more than in the original TPP with the US. But to join the CPTPP, China would have to undertake unprecedented reforms and manage complex political challenges.     

A Cognitive Three-Process Model of Computer-Mediated Group Interaction

Current theories imply text-based computer networks are socially barren, but computer-mediated interaction (CMI) research contradicts this. A cognitive perspective suggests individuals in groups construct cognitions regarding the task (purpose), other people (relationships), and the group (identity), and these drive the interaction. Three core psychological process follow: resolving task information, relating to others and representing the group. This gives three types of influence: informational, personal and normative, and three group purposes: task resolution, interpersonal relationships and group unity. Group unity occurs when group members represent a common identity. The traditional communication threads of message content and sender context therefore require a third - behavioural position. Many-to-many exchange of member positions allows the group position to be transmitted to the group. A picture emerges of three parallel processes overlapping in behaviour, although CMI allows them to be isolated and investigated. This model extends most theories of computer-mediated group interaction. It implies there is no best type of group interaction support, because there is no best process. The groupware challenge is to offer the flexibility to support all three processes in combination.     

商业特许合同中知识产权许可风险控制

本文从商业特许合同多重性出发,结合司法实践调研结果,有针对性地指出特许合同风险防范在合同风险和知识产权许可风险防范两方面的控制措施。     

创意城市建设以及对我们的启示——以巴黎为例

基于创意城市视角的城市建设必须具备人文取向、创意取向,巴黎的城市建设即吻合于此,营造了巴黎发展成为创意城市所需要的文化、人才、创意氛围及产业基础等条件,给我们以很重要的启示。创意城市发展同构对于发展中国家是大势所趋,借鉴巴黎的城市建设经验,我国城市建设必须进入合理发展轨道。     

区域行政协议：概念、类型及其性质定位

准确定位区域行政协议是其高效运行的基础,当地方政府在实践中选择行政协议作为首选的一体化治理工具时,对区域行政协议概念、类型以及定位的研究则变得非常重要.文章分析了区域行政协议的概念、特点,在此基础上深入探讨区域行政协议的类型,并从契约及其运行的视角对区域行政协议进行定位有助于区域行政协议高效运行.     

基于低碳经济发展视阈的产业节能减排自愿协议——以日本经验为例

产业节能减排是中国当前控制碳排放、发展低碳经济的一个最为现实的路径之一。从发达国家以及日本产业自愿协议实施经验经验看,自愿协议是实现产业节能减排目标的有效措施。     

中国与东盟各国双边投资条约的修订和完善

中国与东盟各国双边投资条约修订和完善是一个从基础目标到具体内容,再从具体内容到核心内容的递进细化过程。其基本目标是鼓励和促进双边投资活动,集中反映国家对待国际直接投资的基本态度;具体内容是逐步推动双边投资自由化,是基本目标在投资法律制度中的细化和落实;核心内容是保护投资者的合法权益,是整个内容体系的关键,根本体现国家对私人权利的尊重和保护。     

FTA中TBT条款对中国全球价值链攀升的影响研究

基于2000—2014年中国签订的自由贸易协定（FTA）中技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）条款文本,使用自然语言文本处理法量化了中国各行业在FTA中TBT条款的合作水平,实证研究FTA中TBT条款对中国各行业全球价值链位置的影响。实证结果表明,FTA中TBT条款分别从降低贸易成本、促进技术创新、提高制度质量三个路径促进了中国各行业在全球价值链中的攀升。进一步分析发现,FTA中TBT条款对制造业和其他行业全球价值链攀升的促进作用明显,对中国服务业全球价值链攀升的影响不显著;相对于高技术制造业,低技术制造业的全球价值链攀升更容易受FTA中TBT条款的影响。中国政府应该更加积极地参与FTA中与贸易伙伴国的高水平TBT条款的谈判协商,充分发挥其对各行业全球价值链攀升的促进作用,同时重点关注对FTA中TBT条款敏感度较高的行业。