Exploring servant leadership across cultures: comparative study in Australia and Indonesia

Several problematic aspects of women's paid employment - e.g. low pay and lack of promotional opportunities - are exacerbated by the segregation of women and men into different occupations. In this article, the potential of in-store equal opportunities policies to break down such gender segregation will be explored, through consideration of the existence and implementation of these policies in twenty-two multinational retail companies in Dublin and Paris. It will be argued that, with one notable exception, the instore equal opportunities policies are effectively neutralized, and furthermore are neutralized in nationally specific ways which can be related to differences between France and Ireland in the organization of labour-market regulation and in women's labour-force participation (LFP). The case-study findings also suggest that the 'country' variable has a stronger effect on the existence and implementation of these policies than the extent of a shop's links to an overseas headquarters. The findings of this study have implications for both the equity of women's incorporation into the paid labour force and understanding of aspects of HRM in branches of multinational companies.     

劳动者离职竞业禁止协议的法律效力分析——以经济补偿金的给付为视角

我国《劳动合同法》没有规定离职竞业禁止协议的效力标准,导致理论和实践中对经济补偿金与离职竞业禁止协议的效力关系存在争议,形成两种相反的观点:经济补偿金的支付是或者不是离职竞业禁止协议的生效要件。审视经济补偿金与离职竞业禁止协议的效力关系,应从合法性和合理性两个角度加以区分并在今后立法中予以完善:明确经济补偿金支付的必要性;规定经济补偿金支付的计算标准;赋予劳动者申请变更或者撤销离职竞业禁止协议的权利。     

加入WTO对东北地区粮食产业发展的影响及对策

加入WTO ,给我国很多产业带来跳跃性发展的机遇 ,但对粮食产业而言 ,挑战远远大于机遇 ;东北地区作为我国粮食生产的主产区和集散地 ,其今后的发展影响着东亚甚至世界粮食贸易格局的形成 ,也决定了能否为我国的粮食安全提供有效的保障。     

国际农产品贸易政策下中国农产品贸易发展分析

随着中国农产品加入WTO过渡期的结束,农产品贸易所面临的冲击和挑战也已逐渐显现。在中国加入WTO承诺降低关税和建立进口配额的情况下,中国市场开放程度加大,加上中国国内自身因素的影响,2003年和2004年农产品贸易进口和出口都出现了很大的增长,特别是进口额激增,且在2004年出现了贸易逆差,面对这样的状况和影响,中国在遵守加入WTO降低关税和进口配额承诺的基础上应积极采取合理的保护中国农产品贸易的措施,并要从自身出发提高自身农产品的出口竞争力,增加农产品出口,改善贸易逆差,使中国农产品贸易均衡发展。     

关于建立我国企业境外投资保护制度的思考

随着“走出去”战略的实施,越来越多有比较竞争优势的国内企业将会到境外进行投资。我国境外投资企业的增多、投资规模的增加迫切需要建立我国境外投资保护制度。目前我国境外投资保护制度基本还处于空白状态:没有境外投资法,境外投资保险制度覆盖面窄,支持力度小,投资保护协定签订工作滞后。为了促进和保护我国境外投资的发展,我国应加快境外投资立法、完善境外投资保险制度和加强投资保护协定签订工作。     

国内法与Trips关于计算机软件法律保护之比较分析

本文从计算机软件的性质、法律保护模式入手,通过我国法律与Trips关于计算机软件专利权保护的比较分析,结合国外专利权发展分析计算机软件的"可专利性",得出结论——我国专利法与Trips均不排除计算机软件的"可专利性"。     

对仲裁调解书置换调解协议书的质疑

在劳动争议处理程序中,调解协议书不具备强制执行的效力,成为调解程序不具有吸引力的主要原因。将调解协议书置换为可以强制执行的仲裁调解书,表面上看解决了调解协议书的效力缺陷问题,但其合法性和合理性都有欠缺。实现劳动争议处理"着重调解"的关键并不是简单地给调解协议书换个身份,而是还调解协议书本来的合同面貌,规范基层调解组织,加强社会的信用机制保障。     

Malmquist indices of productivity growth for Islamic and conventional banks in Malaysia

This paper studies the total factor productivity （TFP） of banks in Malaysia with the emphasis on comparing the relative productivities of Islamic and Conventional banks. The Malmquist index approach is used to decompose productivity growth into technical efficiency and technological change. The productivity growth is measured and decomposed into technical change and efficiency change. The efficiency change is further decomposed into pure efficiency change and scale efficiency. It is found that Islamic banks＇ productivity growth is limited by its lack of technological change compared to its conventional counterparts. Nonetheless, both types of banks are operating at the correct level in terms of scale or size.     

关于“管辖错误”作为再审事由的思考

新修订的《民事诉讼法》第179条将＂管辖错误＂规定为再审事由之一有其合理性。但考虑到再审制度的本质,应将＂管辖错误＂限定在违反专属管辖规定、违反专门管辖和下级法院违反级别管辖的规定受理案件等几种严重违法同时又侵害当事人程序性权利的情形。从减少以＂管辖错误＂为由申请再审的案件的数量和诉讼经济的角度考虑,宜设立再审补充性原则作为当事人提起再审的程序限制,与此相配套,在国内民事诉讼中应承认默示协议管辖。     

Value-Added Tax （VAT） on Selected Financial Transactions

This paper deals with the approach to imposing value-added tax （VAT） on financial transactions. The VAT is a highly harmonized consumption tax within the European Union （EU）. VAT operational rules have been set down by the relevant directive of the Council of the EU. Under the directive, it is possible to select either exemption or taxation of financial transactions. Only the first option is permitted in the Czech Republic. Pros and cons of both models are described, in particular, the problems with determining the difference between financial transactions and other similar performance that must always be subject to tax. Potential lower VAT revenue or tax base assessment, as appropriate, seems to be crucial in the case of the taxation of financial transactions.