Sample bias in contingent valuation: A comparison of the correction methods

Abstract

This article compares various methods for correcting contingent valuation aggregate benefits when the sample is known to be biased. A sample is defined as the population, and response rates are simulated on the basis of a measure of salience. The simulated response rates suffer from nonresponse bias and selection bias. Coefficient and benefit estimates that result from weighting and self‐selection correction approaches are compared with the true coefficient and benefit estimates. Our results indicate that at both low and high response rates the standard approach leads to bias, and either correction approach will reduce the bias in coefficient and benefit estimates.     

基于AHP的耕地保护公共政策分析

耕地保护是我国的一项基本国策,在执行耕地保护政策过程中出现了"自上而下"、"激励主体"两种不同的保护模式,不同模式政策执行效果有显著差异。耕地保护制度在执行过程中经常出现偏差,中央政府保护耕地的政策目标不能得到有效实现,耕地保护的主体——农户的基本利益也不能满足,耕地质量的隐形下降与保护效果的明显欠佳。这些现象都表明需要客观评价不同模式的耕地保护政策。河北是农业大省,唐山市是其经济发达、耕地保护任务艰巨的典型地区。根据唐山市典型农村356家农户进行实地调查获取的数据和资料,选取评价指标和因素,运用层次分析法对"自上而下"、"激励主体"两种不同模式的耕地保护政策执行效果进行对比分析。研究表明,"激励主体"的耕地保护模式在执行效果上显著优于"自上而下"的耕地保护模式。研究结论表明需要从"自上而下"的行政模式向以经济激励为核心"激励主体"的市场模式转变,这对优化耕地保护政策执行具有借鉴意义。     

如何看待体育经济发展中的经济与社会效益

体育经济的经济与社会效益巨大,如何看待体育经济发展中的经济效益与社会效益的关系,是一个具有普遍性意义的问题。本文就如何看待这个问题,简单谈一些自己的看法,并提出,要正确对待体育经济的经济与社会效益,就要做到两者并重、共同发展。并就如何更好的发挥体育的经济与社会效益提出一点自己的看法。     

Promoting quality-of-life and well-being research in hospitality and tourism

There is an increasing interest in quality-of-life/well-being research in hospitality and tourism. The goal of this paper is to further promote the development and use of quality-of-life/well-being concepts in the discipline by reviewing seven major theories of quality of life and well-being (and their application in hospitality and tourism based on the research that I and my colleagues have conducted over the years) and suggesting future avenues of research. The theories discussed are self-congruity theory, self-expressiveness theory, bottom-up spillover theory, leisure benefits theory, goal theory, need hierarchy theory, and broaden-and-build theory.     

From the Eyes of an Exhibitor

Abstract

Conferences and conventions often depend on event/convention planners to produce spectacular tradeshows to support their programs. A study which focused on exhibitor needs and the perceived benefits of participation was conducted during the winter of 1999 at an International Arts Convention in the eastern United States. Exhibitors' interests in convention participation fell into four primary areas: making contacts, gaining information, gaining visibility, and booking/selling a product or service. Understanding the areas of importance to exhibitors and the services/products that are necessary for them to achieve success can go a long way toward providing a meaningful experience and an avenue for communication for both convention exhibitors and planners.     

The role of social capital in encouraging residents' pro-environmental behaviors in community-based ecotourism

This study integrated the theoretical perspective of social capital into community-based ecotourism (CBET). Two destinations were selected to test the conceptual model to see whether social capital improves cooperation between community residents and the coordination of CBET development, and whether its role is persuasive and encourages residents' pro-environmental behaviors. The sample consisted of 420 residents living in two typical ecotourism destinations in China. Findings from a two-stage structural equation model analysis show that economic benefits have a direct impact on residents' pro-environmental behaviors; and the cognitive, rather than structural social capital has a partially mediating effects on this relationship. These findings indicate that a high level of social capital, particularly the cognitive variant, is instrumental in encouraging residents' pro-environmental behaviors.     

Benefits of leisure in overcoming gender violence experiences: a case study

This article is based on a case study carried out at Casa Malva, a shelter for female victims of gender violence in Gijón, Asturias (Spain). The study explores the potential therapeutic value of leisure in the process of personal recovery for women living in sheltered accommodation, and the positive impact leisure may have in overcoming a traumatic life event. The study comprised 16 semi-structured interviews with female victims of gender violence and three discussion groups with shelter staff. The article examines the concept of leisure and the potential benefits of leisure activities as part of the Personal Recovery Project (PRP) run by Casa Malva. PRP is an innovative recovery initiative aimed at helping women to overcome situations of gender violence by focusing on areas of experience, such as family, employment and leisure.     

上市公司资本运营过程及价值分析——基于飞天系的案例

控股股东利用对上市公司的控制权,通过关联交易、资金占用、资产置换等手段掏空上市公司,获取私有收益的案例层出不穷。本文通过对飞天系资本运营过程的描述分析和特点归纳,揭示其对上市公司和中小股东价值的影响,并在此基础上对我国证券市场的健康发展提出建议。     

How shark conservation in the Maldives affects demand for dive tourism

Shark-diving tourism provides important economic benefits to the Maldives. We examine the link between shark conservation actions and economic returns from diving tourism. A combined travel cost and contingent behaviour approach is used to estimate the dive trip demand under different management scenarios. Our results show that increasing shark populations could increase dive-trip demand by 15%, raising dive tourists’ welfare by US$58 million annually. This could result in annual economic benefits for the dive-tourism industry of >US$6 million. Conversely, in scenarios where shark populations decline, where dive tourists observe illegal fishing, or if dive operators lack engagement in shark conservation, dive trip demand could decrease by up to 56%. This decline causes economic losses of more than US$24 million annually to the dive tourism industry. These results highlight the dependence of the shark-diving industry on the creation and enforcement of appropriate management regimes for shark conservation.     

董事利益保护刍议

董事会中心主义的确立，董事义务与责任体系的完备，使得对董事利益的保护成为公司经营管理效率提高的必要前提。如何建立符合中国实际的董事利益保护机制是摆在法学研究者面前一个紧迫而重要的课题。