Trust-building processes in tourist coopetition: The case of a Polish region

This study examines the role of trust in establishing collaboration between two individual competing tourism firms. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by investigating how various trust-building processes influence dyadic coopetition in five municipalities in Poland. The literature suggests eight different trust-building mechanisms at various levels of analysis and collaborative endeavors. Our results indicate four processes important to start dyadic coopetition, which are based on: calculation, emotional bond, reputation and embeddedness in social networks. Our findings also show that if trust based on calculation is not reported, then even several trust-building processes combined do not lead to coopetition. Moreover, trust does not appear as a homogenous concept, and different trust-building processes do generate different effects. The results show that trust may play both positive and negative roles in coopetition formation.     

A structural approach to social representations of destination collaboration in Idre,Sweden

Collaboration is a social activity shaped by interactions. Taking a structural approach in social representations theory, the present research used a cognitive mapping method to analyse and compare the mental models of actors regarding collaborations in Idre, Sweden. Tourism actors share a core system in their representations which develops around packaging and selling of the tourism product to an international market, indicative of a hegemonic representation. Issues of quality, shared responsibility, trust, inclusivity and power were also revealed and should be taken into account in planning tourism and collaborations in the area. Findings indicate that actors hold multiple representations of collaboration, which reflects the social complexity apparent in the tourism destination, and the evolutionary character of social representations.     

微软公司在华专利布局研究

跨国公司是国外在华申请专利的主体,跨国公司申请的专利质量较高,并且大部分为发明专利。随着我国专利事业的飞速发展,专利已经成为占领市场的重要手段和策略。本文通过对微软公司在华的专利布局情况进行分析,对申请量、授权量、法律状态、集中领域等问题进行研究,总结跨国公司在华专利战略的特点,并对我国企业提出发展建议。     

A survey of inventions aimed at preventing drowning

To identify, describe and compare injuries among three water sport activities: kite surfing (KS), personal watercraft (PWC) and towed water sports (TWS). The study was a cross sectional, online survey. The setting was on Perth, Western Australia's popular beaches and riverbanks. Main outcome measures were number of injuries and level of severity; level of exposure and protection measures. Overall, 43% reported at least one injury in the past 12 months, a rate of 22.3 injuries per 100 h. Kite surfers were more likely to report an injury than PWC or TWS. One-half of injuries occurred while on the water. Most injuries were caused by landing awkwardly (56%) and/or trying new tricks (41%). Despite 90% of respondents having used at least one personal protective equipment (PPE) item, half (49%) reported always using a personal floatation device. This study provided information on KS, PWC and TWS injuries as well as a range of safety behaviours. It is recommended that these results form the basis of further research to reduce injury rates and encourage the use of PPE items.     

A new way to look at an old problem: International joint venture partner selection via constrained systematic search

Although international joint ventures (IJVs) provide many benefits to multinational enterprises (MNEs), IJVs continue experiencing high dissolution rates; there is a pressing need to re-evaluate the partner selection process for IJVs. In this article, I utilize constrained systematic search (CSS) as the proposed process by which to improve the partner selection process and reduce IJV dissolution rates. CSS is a process MNEs can utilize to gain private information about potential IJV partners. The implementation of CSS can improve the success rates for an MNE entering an IJV in two ways: MNEs can more effectively identify (1) information withholding/misleading behavior of potential partners and (2) complementary resources in potential partners.     

基于提高专利建设成效的专利申请过程管理

专利建设是指从专利构思开始到获得专利授权的全部工作。专利申请过程是指从专利构思开始到申请文件形成的全过程。专利建设过程多快好省,授权专利屏障安全有效,体现出专利建设的成效。专利申请策略和专利申请质量对专利申请的授权风险、授权专利的保护风险有重大影响。运用专利申请的主动权,科学管理申请策略和申请过程,可以提高专利申请的授权机会,巩固专利授权,降低专利保护风险,提高专利建设的成效。     

Incentivising the collaborative management of mobile ecological resources

The collaborative management of mobile ecological resources across landscapes can provide many benefits at the societal level, but can also face considerable stakeholder opposition. Wild deer are one example of a range of ecological resources, whether individual species, habitats or ecosystem services, for which management at a landscape scale is likely to be far more effective than the single-site approaches favoured (and incentivised) to date. Determining the most appropriate mechanism to encourage collaboration depends on an understanding of the ecological, geographical, socio-economic and cultural contexts within which management decisions are made. In this paper, we employ a mixed-methods approach to quantify and explain UK deer managers’ preferences for different collaborative mechanisms and financial incentives, accounting for socio-economic and regional differences. We show that deer managers would regard a mandatory collaboration scheme as undesirable in the majority of regions covered in our study but that managers’ responses to proposed financial incentives for participation in mandatory collaboration were more positive in those regions where stakeholders had prior experience of existing payment schemes for modifying land use and wildlife management. Future collaboration in deer management in the UK is likely to be promoted most effectively if incorporated as part of existing environmental management schemes and in a sufficiently flexible manner to accommodate geographical and cultural contexts. Our study illustrates how mixed-methods approaches can be used to identify the opportunities and constraints associated with the wider uptake of collaboration in the management of mobile ecological resources.     

基于专利分析国内食盐的研究进展

食盐是人类生活中的必需品,本文从近年来国内专利申请情况分析了食盐的研究进展,旨在为食盐的开发提供参考。     

Antecedents of patent value using exchange option models: Evidence from a panel data analysis

This paper examines the patent impact factor by an empirical study using panel data. To investigate the impact factor of patent value, this study conducts a sensitivity analysis of a patent evaluation model within the framework of a real option, while considering the uncertainties associated with both patent counts and the amount of R&D per patent, and develops an empirical analysis method for examining the impact factor of a patent using an unbalanced two-way fixed effects model. The empirical results indicate that the increase of patent value accords with the increase in the patent counts, volatility and patent lifetime. Although patent value declines with the amount of R&D per patent, the impact is not significant. However, reducing cost, raising patent counts and enhancing innovation efficiency offer a feasible method for a firm to increase patent value.     

中国各地区自主创新能力的间接融资支持研究

自主创新能力日益成为一国经济发展的核心动力,而自主创新能力的提高离不开金融支持。由于我国仍是一种以间接融资为主的银行主导型金融结构,因此本文选取中国31个省市1997-2009的面板数据,分析了间接融资对各地区自主创新能力的影响。结果表明间接融资对全国自主创新活力和创新效率都有显著正效应,尤其对东部地区自主创新的影响最强,政府的资金支持对中部地区的自主创新比较显著,西部地区的自主创新主要依赖于地区经济的发展水平。