高校专利可转化性与其文献计量特征相关性研究

如何从海量高校专利中识别出具备可转化性的潜力专利，对于科技管理与评价部门而言，是一项具有应用价值的研究课题。高校不具备生产能力，其专利转化的主要途径是将专利权转让或许可给企业。研究已经成功转让或许可的高校专利文献计量特征，并与未能转让或许可的高校专利文献计量特征作对比，运用多元统计学的差异分析和相关分析方法，分析高校专利可转化性与其文献计量特征之间的相关性。以S大学产出的16491项专利为研究样本，发现高校专利可转化性与其文献计量特征之间具有一系列相关关系，可为识别可转化的高校专利提供来自文献计量学视角的参考依据。     

Mapping technological development using patent citation trees: an analysis of bogie technology

We create a generational patent citation tree to reveal the development of bogie technology in the high-speed rail industry. We cull the information in patent citations to reveal the generational development of bogie technology by analysing patent titles, patent publication dates and patent-granting regions. We then measure the development of bogie technology by calculating its technological development on-orbit rate and by mapping the stages of technological development and its regional diffusion. The results show that bogie technologies are in a period of sustained growth and this period of sustained growth will remain. Technological development is accelerating and this acceleration will persist, although the global dispersion of technology lags behind in scope and speed.     

基于扎根理论的西部物流集群中横向物流协同制约因素及作用机制研究——以五省市为例

物流集群是物流业降本增效的重要形式，本质是其内部相互竞争的企业之间的物流协同。但企业在开展协同活动时，却受到诸多制约因素的影响。文章通过对中国西部7个大型物流集群的管理方、企业代表以及相关的政府官员、专家、学者等进行半结构化深度访谈。借助扎根理论研究方法进行编码分析，构建出由“协同环境”“合作伙伴”“信任”“信息系统”四个主范畴共同构成的“横向物流协同制约因素”模型，并编织故事线，说明它们之间的逻辑关系。制约因素“作用机制”模型揭示了上述制约因素在计划、实施和评估阶段的内在联系与相互影响。在此基础上，针对性地提出相应对策与建议，以便消除阻力，推动协同，促进物流集群的发展和中国西部物流业的转型升级。     

Effective Control Rights in Vertical R&D Collaboration

Because of increasing technological complexity of new products, the manufacturers of final products more often seek access to external sources of knowledge at the early, market‐distant stages of innovation processes. However, they are confronted with a specifically high danger of moral hazard. Traditional management instruments fail to control that danger mainly for two reasons. First, the supplier activities are not transparent. Second, market‐distant R&D results are credence goods whose quality cannot be evaluated, not even ex post. It is the theory of incomplete contracts that solves the problem by allocating the so‐called control rights to the supplier. These rights primarily regulate the assignment of the intellectual property rights, the control of the R&D process, and the marketing of the final products that are based on the delivered R&D results. To date, we do not have any empirical evidence about the relative effectiveness of these control rights. Moreover, studies on incomplete contracts in R&D alliances only focused on the collaboration between biotechnology and pharmaceutical firms. Our study fills these gaps. On the basis of a sample of French and German R&D suppliers, we find that only enforceable intellectual property rights assigned to the supplier effectively control moral hazard. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

当代专利制度改革的理论思潮:劫持论与反向劫持论

专利劫持论者指责专利权人基于劣质专利,选择事后主张,以诉讼相威胁,达到敲竹杠的目的;专利反向劫持论者则强调专利权人的委屈,制造业巨头们无视独立发明人或小企业主的权利主张,恣意免费使用专利技术,专利劫持和反向劫持之间似乎有着不可协调的矛盾。当前专利钓饵不断兴风作浪,将大量发明者推向专利流氓阵营。因此,既要反对专利劫持,又要避免走向反向专利劫持。专利制度改革应该综合两者观点,通过降低专利实施中交易成本、信息不对称和不确定性来维护专利制度的正当性。     

Quantitative mapping of patented technology — The case of electrical conducting polymer nanocomposite

This study aims to obtain global technology evolution by constructing and analyzing patent citation network and patent citation map for the field of electrical conducting polymer nanocomposite. A total of 1421 patents are retrieved from USPTO patent database and patent citation network is established by combing both patent citation and social network analysis. Network properties, e.g. Degree Centrality, Betweenness Centrality, and Closeness Centrality, are calculated for representing several technology evolution mechanisms that first proposed in this study. Also, a distance-based patent citation map is constructed by calculating relative distances and positions of patents in the patent citation network. Quantitative ways of exploring technology evolution are investigated in this study to unveil important or emerging techniques as well as to demonstrate dynamics and visualization of technology evolutions.     

人工智能时代专利制度的实践挑战与应对策略

人工智能系统日益提高的复杂度、自主决策能力,以及在更广泛领域的应用,已经对现行法律制度和监管体系构成重大挑战。特别是在专利等知识产权领域,从技术方案到创造性审查,从辅助决策到自主发明创造,整个生态系统都面临前所未有的挑战。侧重从实践角度探寻解决人工智能与专利制度冲突的手段和途径,首先,阐述现阶段人工智能专利制度的实践特征;然后,着重从人工智能的技术、应用两个层面梳理、分析和探讨实践中面临的困境与挑战;最后,结合相关专利制度、规则、程序提出针对性的应对策略和建议。     

国内高价值专利研究热点演进与整合框架——基于SKM的可视化分析

高价值专利是构建“双循环”新发展格局的核心资源,提升产业链高价值专利产出以实现“十四五”规划目标已成为重要议题。虽然高价值专利研究热度持续升温、相关研究成果不断涌现,但目前仍处于探索阶段,且研究分散未成体系,有待系统梳理现有研究成果并构建整合框架,为本领域学者深入研究高价值专利形成机理及管理模式提供借鉴。基于科学知识图谱（SKM）,运用CiteSpace工具分析高价值专利内涵、评价体系、影响因素、价值效应等前沿问题,基于研究热点演进和理论整合框架全面展示该领域发展脉络。研究发现：①中美知识产权贸易战使高价值专利于2015年成为研究热点,研究基础根植于专利质量和专利价值领域,涉及过程管理、竞争优势和价值链等理论;②高价值专利形成是一个复杂的系统工程,受法律环境制度、技术创新活动、权利人管理模式等多维因素的影响,相关构成要素、影响因素、评价体系、价值效应等研究成果有待系统整合;③高价值专利通过促进资产价值转化提升企业竞争优势并对经济高质量发展提供支撑。未来可在整合框架的基础上搭建高价值专利全生命周期管理平台、完善高价值专利管理体系、挖掘专利运用协同案例、构建高价值专利市场转化机制等。     

展会知识产权问题探析

随着国际经济一体化的推进及我国加入世界贸易组织,会展业中的知识产权问题日益突出。由于我国知识产权工作起步较晚,基础较弱,加上利益的驱动、监管不严等原因,在各类展会中,知识产权侵权、假冒和滥用现象时有发生。这不仅给知识产权所有者和广大消费者造成损害,而且还扰乱了会展行业的正常秩序。因此,规范会展知识产权行为,维护会展市场秩序,促进会展业健康发展的工作就显得越来越重要。     

中国专利对经济增长方式影响的实证研究:1988～2008年

运用我国1988~2008年省级面板数据,以全要素生产率体现经济增长方式,考察不同类型专利对经济增长方式的影响,结果凸显以1997年为断点的阶段性差异。实证结果显示,发明专利在1997年前对全要素生产率没有显著影响,但在1998~2008年对全要素生产率的影响远大于实用新型和外观设计专利,论证了原创型创新对现阶段我国经济增长方式转变的重要性,这与现有研究的结论不同。