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31.
Guido Candela Massimiliano Castellani Roberto Dieci 《International Review of Economics》2008,55(3):285-311
In this paper we study a particular case of “multiple” externalities associated to the production of a good/activity, whose
external effects can change from positive to negative depending on the level of output (intersecting externalities). To analyze their impact on the public policy we propose a very simple two-agent partial equilibrium model in the technological
context of externalities. In a static framework, the centralized solution always implies an optimal policy, which may consist
of taxation or subsidization depending on the individual optimum and on the technology parameters. In a dynamic model with
local knowledge of the efficiency function and instantaneous output adjustments, such an optimal policy can be structurally
stable or unstable. In the latter case, under small changes of the parameters the policy may switch from low taxation/subsidization
to high taxation/subsidization or vice versa, or even jump discontinuously from taxation to subsidization or vice versa. Furthermore, the decentralized solution based upon “tradable rights” can be economically equivalent to the centralized solution
in the form of taxation policy but the two solutions may be not politically equivalent.
相似文献
Roberto DieciEmail: |
32.
Anastasios Xepapadeas 《Environmental and Resource Economics》1995,5(4):375-391
The simultaneous management, in an international context, of free-access renewable resources and transboundary pollution, is examined in a dynamic game framework. First-best outcomes under international cooperation are determined and compared to noncooperative outcomes when countries follow linear Markov strategies. An international policy consisting of taxes on emissions and harvesting, with international redistribution of tax receipts, is used to achieve the cooperative solution. In addition, side payments may be required to prevent free riding and thus make the international policy implementable.Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the International WorkshopEconomic Aspects of International Water Resources Utilization in the Mediterranean Basin, Fondazione ENI Enrico Mattei, Milan, October 1993, and the Fifth Annual Conference of EAERE, Dublin, June 1994. I would like to thank Peter Berck, Charles Kolstad, Mordechai Schechter, and two anonymous referees for their valuable comments. 相似文献
33.
Christoph Scheicher 《The German Economic Review》2010,11(3):266-277
Abstract. Income redistribution in Germany is the result of a combination of several redistribution instruments: there is a complex income tax law, different obligatory social insurances and supplementary benefits. This paper estimates income redistribution by quantile regression, using German EVS data. Two results are obtained: income after redistribution does not always increase in line with income before redistribution, i.e. for people with a low income before redistribution, it does not make sense to increase their efforts, since more work means less earnings. Further, an increasing redistribution rate for higher incomes is not always observable from the data. 相似文献
34.
Yasushi Kawabata 《Bulletin of economic research》2010,62(2):109-131
This paper analyses how strategic export policies are affected by introducing an imperfectly competitive intermediate good into a Bertrand duopoly model with product differentiation, where a home and a foreign final‐good firm export to a third‐country market. It is shown that when the home and foreign markets for the intermediate good are segmented, the optimal export policy towards the final good is a tax. In contrast, under integrated markets, the optimal export intervention is a subsidy. Whether bilateral export intervention is welfare improving compared with free trade, depends on the degree of product differentiation between the home and foreign final goods. 相似文献
35.
John F. Mc Donald 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》1993,6(3):277-287
This article posits a model of the effect of differences in changes in local property tax rates on changes in the business real estate tax base. It is also hypothesized that changes in the tax base influence changes in the property tax rate. Empirical findings for metropolitan Chicago are that both differences in property tax changes and levels have large effects on the growth of the value of business real estate. Also, changes in the property tax rate are found to depend upon changes in the tax base as well as the property tax level and its previous change. 相似文献
36.
Taxes and production: The case of Pakistan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper investigates the effectiveness of investment incentives and corporate income taxes in influencing production and investment decisions in the Pakistani wearing apparel and leather products industries. Three tax instruments are considered: the corporate income tax (CIT), the investment tax credit (ITC), and the capital cost allowance (CCA).The results show that since there are significant capital adjustment costs, it is important to distinguish between the short, intermediate, and long-run effects associated with the tax instruments. Production decisions are relatively more responsive to changes in the ITC rate compared to changes in either CCA or CIT rates in each run. However, only in the long run for the apparel industry are the ITC and CCA rates cost effective in stimulating investment. The CIT is never cost effective. Thus targeted instruments outperform the general CIT instrument. In addition, although the incentive to invest is enhanced, there is little effect on output. Therefore, tax incentives essentially make production techniques more capital intensive. 相似文献
37.
构建我国中性税制的设想 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目前,我国财政政策已由“积极”转向“稳健”,税收作为财政的一个重要组成部分,应积极响应财政政策。我国现阶段通过以减税为特征的税种“中性化”来构建的“中性税制”,既符合市场经济发展的要求,又不会影响到财政收入,而且能积极响应稳健财政政策的实施。构建我国现阶段“中性税制”,必须“充分体现税收中性,并适当坚持税收调控”这一核心。 相似文献
38.
童伟 《中央财经大学学报》2001,(8):18-22
世界上许多国家,为适应其政治、经济不断发展变化的需要。都曾对地方财税体制进行过一系列改革,在有些国家形成了一套相对完整而又行之有效的地方税制,本文试图通过地一些国家地方税制的比较分析,找出地方税制建设的一些共同规律,为我国地方税制的完善提供借鉴。 相似文献
39.
Antonio Argandoña 《Journal of Business Ethics》1999,22(3):155-173
This article is an introduction to the selection of papers on "Business Ethics in Spain" included in this monographic issue of the Journal of Business Ethics. Specifically, this article is a survey of the development of the social, political, cultural and economic background of business in Spain since 1940, in order to show how the ethical values, attitudes and problems of the Spanish managers changed in these years. First, the global evolution of this background is explained, and then several relevant problems are discussed, namely those of the attitudes of business towards the State and the law (with an aside on the attitudes of society towards profit and wealth), corruption, and the grey economy, taxes, and irregular labour. The article concludes with a survey of the scientific developments of business ethics in Spain. 相似文献
40.