对我国个人所得税改革的几点想法

随着我国市场经济的快速发展,国民收入明显提高,个人所得税存在着分类所得税制设计不合理,费用扣除标准过低、课税范围狭窄、税率结构复杂等弊端。应采取实行混合所得税税制模式、健全费用扣除制度、拓宽税基、简化税制结构等措施,以实现“调节收入分配,体现社会公平”的立法原则。     

关于企业税收流失与涉税人员的关系分析

对企业方面的税收流失与会计人员、企业负责人、税务人员、行政长官及社会监督人员的关系进行分析 ,提出税收流失重点在于预防 ,关键在于提高全体社会成员的税收意识 ,最终实现税收流失的源泉控制。     

How effective is a fat subsidy? Evidence from edible oil consumption in India

Taxes on fats and sugar-sweetened beverages are deployed in the developed world to encourage healthier diets. How effective might such fiscal instruments be in emerging economies? We evaluate the impacts of a subsidy for palm oil, introduced as part of the public distribution system in three Indian states. Using variants of the difference-in-differences approach, we find that palm oil consumption increased, particularly in rural areas, as a result of the subsidy, and traditional oils were displaced by cheaper palm oil. However, the intervention did not significantly alter overall edible oil consumption. These results are robust to different specifications, alternative estimation samples, and the exclusion of households who may have been potential beneficiaries of other interventions. Impacts were higher in Tamil Nadu than in other states, and were higher for vegetarian households in rural areas. There was only weak evidence of spillover income effects on other food groups. Given India's dual burden of malnutrition, our analysis suggests that fiscal policy interventions have the potential to effectively nudge consumer choices towards healthier edible oil consumption.     

International trade,risk taking and welfare

This paper shows that the gains from opening up to international trade are smaller when firms do not fully internalize downward risk. I develop a general equilibrium model with two key assumptions. First, when faced with adverse productivity shocks, employers can lay off workers without fully paying the social costs of their layoff decisions, a common feature of many institutions. Second, when opening to international trade, the elasticity of demand perceived by an industry increases. In this setup, I show that international trade induces firms to take more risk and (i) raises the equilibrium unemployment rate, (ii) increases the volatility of sectoral sales and (iii) increases welfare proportionately less than in the absence of the externality. Inducing firms to internalize the costs of layoff (Blanchard and Tirole, 2003) therefore appears even more important in a globalized world.     

The Effects of Internet Commerce on the Revenue Base of State and Local Governments

Abstract

Internet sales for 2000 are projected to be $850 billion. This explosion in growth of sales on the Internet has not been all good news to the U.S. business community. Both business and government have taken notice of taxation issues related to these electronically generated revenues. Sales taxes have been the primary focus of this attention. Many issues have been raised but the primary one is whether or not sales taxes should be collected from “cyberspace” customers. Many difficult questions have been raised and remain to be solved. One federally appointed commission has been formed, submitted recommendations to Congress and has dissolved. A National Governors' Association committee is currently in place to study the issues and provide suggestions to State legislatures in 2001.     

Optimal tariffs,optimal taxes and economic development

Cross-section and time-series data suggest that nations substitute income taxes for tariffs as they develop. This paper confronts the data within the context of a two-country open-economy endogenous growth model in which public expenditure is financed by an optimal tariff and income tax. When the latter is subject to administrative costs, the model predicts that the government will optimally substitute the income tax for the tariff as output rises along the transition. The model is calibrated and a simulation yields time paths for the shares of total government revenue derived from the tariff and the income tax that are consistent with the data.     

两税合并的经济学分析:利弊及相关制度安排

内外资企业税收差异较大,既不公允,也不符合世贸组织惯例。两税合并是大势所趋,合并内容主要包括:统一后的企业所得税税率为25%;统一税收优惠政策,实行“产业优惠为主、区域优惠为辅”;两税合并后的过渡期最长不宜超过5年;对内资企业工资实行据实全额扣除;统一后的企业所得税法取消对公益性捐赠的比例限制。在过渡期制度安排下,并税对外企影响甚微,两税并轨已是箭在弦上。本文基于公平视角对两税合并问题进行经济学分析。     

济宁市县乡财政困难问题研究

对济宁地区县乡财政的现状作了分析,指出,税费改革是县乡财政困难的导火索、县域经济发展滞后是县乡财政困难的根本原因、转移支付制度的缺陷是县乡财政困难的重要原因、事权与财权不对应是县乡财政困难的直接原因。必须大力发展县域经济、完善转移支付制度、精简机构、清理核实乡镇债权债务、制止新增不良债务,才能有效化解县乡债务风险。