中国人口容量与适度人口问题研究

:本文回顾了我国学术界对我国人口容量和适度人口问题的研究 ,就人口容量研究的意义、人口容量的概念、研究方法、对我国人口容量的估算和有待进一步研究的问题等进行了概括与总结。人口容量的科学研究是一件极为复杂和困难的事情 ,既取决于自然科学和社会科学有待认识的过程 ,也取决于我们和子孙后代有待作出的选择。     

中国人口城镇化的省级行政单元差异分析

基于周一星修正的1982—2000年城镇化数据和2005年全国1%人口抽样调查数据,本文依据所构建的人口城镇化贡献模型,以省级行政单元为基本研究对象,考察了1982—2005年研究期内不同时段省级行政单元的人口城镇化差异变动情况。主要从城镇人口的相对增长指数和城镇人口增长的贡献率这两个方面来分析各省级行政单元的城镇化差异,按时段将之落实到地图上,并将所有的省级行政单元划分成三个类型,然后将其对应于人口城镇化进程的四个阶段。最后,简单地说明了各省级行政单元在人口城镇化进程中四种类型的转换过程或阶段转变。     

计量经济学应用研究的总体回归模型设定

本文从计量经济学应用研究中总体回归模型设定的任务和目标出发,通过对总体模型设定的研究目的导向、经济学理论导向、数据关系导向的分析与评价,提出总体模型设定的唯一性、一般性、现实性和统计检验必要性原则;最后,提出总体回归模型设定的"经济主体动力学关系导向"原则和框架。     

中国人口老龄化变化趋势及完善养老保险体制的研究

本文利用全国人口普查和经常性统计的有关资料,在不同的人口政策目标参数假设下,根据中国人口预测系统（CPPS）和人口生命表对今后45年中国人口老龄化的变化趋势进行了分析和预测。根据预测结果,通过较全面系统地分析中国社会养老保险体制的现状,指出了其存在的问题,特别是在中国人口老龄化快速发展趋势冲击下已经出现及可能出现的问题。在此基础上,提出了几点具有可操作性的改革和完善养老保险体制、退休及人口生育等方面的政策建议。     

高科技风投企业家项目考察阶段的非理性决策实证研究——基于人口统计特征分析

基于人口统计特征,采用列联表和多元线性回归的方法分析人口统计特征中有关的年龄、学历、留学经历与家庭结构等要素与高科技风投企业家非理性行为在项目考察阶段决策的相关性结果显示:国外留学经验、创业成功经验与企业家项目考察阶段的非理性决策存在着相关性。     

Recreation and the Environment as Cultural Dimensions in Contemporary American Society

This paper broadly explores changing outdoor recreation demands, environmental opinions and demographics in the United States. With this country's population predicted to more than double by the end of this century, it is imperative that we understand these trends and their implications for better managing our natural environment and providing opportunities for outdoor recreation in that environment. Using national survey data, we have described differences in recreation behavior (participation) and environmental attitudes nationwide across six socio-demographic factors-race, country of birth, rural-urban residence, region of the country, age and income. Results indicate that demographic differences, recreation activity choices and people's environmental positions are linked.     

引入人口结构和社会保障因素的中国储蓄率模型

在对国民储蓄率的影响因素进行分析后,对经典的生命周期模型进行了拓展,引入了人口结构和社会保障两因素,从而构建了一个新的生命周期模型。在此基础上,对我国的国民储蓄率进行实证研究后发现,我国的人口结构确实会对国民储蓄率产生较显著的影响,而社会保障水平却对其影响不显著。     

人口老龄化背景下法国养老金保险制度改革及其启示

本文首先介绍了法国养老金制度的现状;然后介绍了萨科齐政府养老金制度面临的挑战;紧接着介绍了2010年养老金改革法案的内容及历程;最后借鉴法国养老金制度改革的经验,总结出完善我国养老金制度的几点启示:避免社会保障碎片化格局;社会保障不能拖累经济发展;设计养老金制度必须考虑可持续性问题;鼓励社会各界参与养老保险改革。     

On predictive distributions of public net liabilities

The analysis of the sustainability of public sector finances requires an accounting of all future revenues and all future spending that we would expect, under current tax laws and current entitlements. The classical calculation does not acknowledge the inherent uncertainty of the future economic and demographic developments, so the results can be misleading. Our aim is to produce a more robust summary of the sustainability of the public sector than the one currently available. By taking a forecasting point of view, our formulation takes into account the uncertainty of future productivity, stock and bond markets, and demography. Methodological complications that arise in the stochastic setting are discussed. Estimates of the relative roles of economics and demographics in the uncertainty of public net liabilities are presented.     

Stationary measures for some Markov chain models in ecology and economics

Summary. Let continuous, exists in for x in . Let be an i.i.d. sequence from F and X₀ be a nonnegative random variable independent of . Let be the Markov chain generated by the iteration of random maps by . Such Markov chains arise in population ecology and growth models in economics. This paper studies the existence of nondegenerate stationary measures for {X_n}. A set of necessary conditions and two sets of sufficient conditions are provided. There are some convergence results also. The present paper is a generalization of the work on random logistics maps by Athreya and Dai (2000).Received: 20 March 2002, Revised: 4 December 2002, JEL Classification Numbers: C22, D9.The author wishes to thank Professor Mukul Majumdar and the referees for several useful suggestions.