Krashen的“输入假说”对我国外语教学的启示

输入是语言学习的基础,也是语言教学的关键所在。我国英语教学在借鉴krashen“输入假说”时应结合实际情况,以学生为中心,提高语言输入的数量和质量。     

环境保护与经济发展--评波特假说与传统新古典经济学之争

环境保护与经济发展紧密联系。传统的新古典经济理论认为,严格的环境保护必然会增加厂商的私人成本,降低其竞争力,对一国的经济发展带来负面的影响;波特假说认为,严格的环境保护能够引发创新,抵消成本,使厂商在国际市场上更具竞争优势。波特假说挑战了传统新古典经济学关于环境保护问题的理论框架。对波特假说与传统新古典经济学争议的比较分析表明:波特假说与新古典经济学的争议皆有各自的理论基础与经验证据作为立论与分析依据。能否实现波特假说要考虑实际执行情况,特别是波特假说所强调的适当标准的制定与严格的执行两方面。     

中国上市公司股权分置改革的事件研究

市场对股改这一事件的反应显著,在股改日当天出现显著为正的累积超常收益,说明了股改给流通股股东带来了超常收益;资产重组和权证方式使得流通股东获得较多的超常收益,而广为流行的送股方式以及派现方式和缩股方式都没有给流通股东带来较多收益。     

环境规制对产业绩效影响——对国外三种观点的理论综述

环境规制对产业绩效的影响,一直以来都是人们关心的热点问题,国外学者为此进行了大量的研究,形成了三种主要观点——传统观点、修正观点和综合观点。本文对这些观点进行了梳理和总结,希望能够有助于对这一问题的全面认识,并对我国相关问题的研究有所借鉴。     

Asymptotics for out of sample tests of Granger causality

This paper presents analytical, Monte Carlo and empirical evidence concerning out-of-sample tests of Granger causality. The environment is one in which the relative predictive ability of two nested parametric regression models is of interest. Results are provided for three statistics: a regression-based statistic suggested by Granger and Newbold [1977. Forecasting Economic Time Series. Academic Press Inc., London], a t-type statistic comparable to those suggested by Diebold and Mariano [1995, Comparing Predictive Accuracy. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 13, 253–263] and West [1996. Asymptotic Inference About Predictive Ability, Econometrica, 64, 1067–1084], and an F-type statistic akin to Theil's U. Since the asymptotic distributions under the null are nonstandard, tables of asymptotically valid critical values are provided. Monte Carlo evidence supports the theoretical results. An empirical example evaluates the predictive content of the Chicago Fed National Activity Index for growth in Industrial Production and core PCE-based inflation.     

Productivity and environmental regulation: the effect of the nitrates directive in the French pig sector

This paper measures the ensuing changes in productivity in the French pig sector following the introduction of the European regulation addressing water pollution by nitrates from agriculture. Productivity is measured using the Malmquist–Luenberger index. The sources of changes in productivity observed are examined by breaking down this index into its technical progress and efficiency components. The results show that in the early stages, increases in productivity were stimulated by increased efficiency, before being driven by technical progress. The estimations regarding the sources of efficiency gains for the farms in the sample (technical efficiency, efficiency of scale and environmental efficiency) are then used to estimate the indirect costs and benefits (or negative costs) linked to the introduction of the environmental regulation controlling the disposal of organic manure and the management of nitrogen surplus from pig farms. The existence of a “win-win” effect as regards the Porter hypothesis relation between efficiency and environmental regulation is highlighted for the French pig sector.      

Asset Substitution and Capital Use by Firms Facing Financial Repression

Firm behavior is examined during a period of financial repression in Brazil. Empirical findings indicate that firms experiencing rising inflation rates: (1) increase their capital stock while reducing liquid asset holdings; (2) experience increases in the productivity of capital (i.e. a rise in the output–capital ratio); (3) increase the scale of the firm’s operations both because of the rising capital productivity and the greater quantity of capital; (4) most firms increase liquid asset holdings as they expand production, although Brazilian firms do so at about twice the rate of multinational firms; (5) do not change overall inventory holdings; however, inventories increase as output rises for multinational firms while for Brazilian firms inventories decrease as output rises; and (6) firms that are more likely to face financial constraints expand their scale of operations at a faster rate as they accumulate more debt.     

Gender differences in the interpretation of web atmospherics: A selectivity hypothesis approach

This paper sets out to explore the role of gender as a moderator of the relationship between web atmospheric cues and virtual visitor's attitudes. In a laboratory experiment, the web atmospherics of a museum website – conceived as high and low task relevant cues – are manipulated so as to assess their impact on attitude toward the website and attitude toward the brand. The findings indicate that low task relevant cues are associated not only with higher attitude toward the website but with more positive evaluations of the brand as well. Gender has a moderating effect on both relationships of interest: In the absence of low task relevant cues, males develop less favorable attitudes toward the site and the brand, while females' attitude remains consistent across both experimental conditions. The findings are interpreted from a Selectivity Hypothesis viewpoint, which attributes gender differences in cognitive evaluations, to differences in information processing style. The study underscores the value of web atmospherics for service branding, elucidating the benefits for webpage design. It also supports the relevance of the Selectivity Model in the Internet context and highlights its significance in the sphere of online attitude development.     

市场有效性传统及其演进与反思

本文主要评述了有效市场理论。首先,比较详细地阐述了有效市场理论及其主要实证技术;其次,关于信息经济学学派、市场微观结构学派、经验主义学派、行为金融学学派和分形市场假说等对有效市场理论的发展也作了简单介绍;最后,尝试对有效市场理论的不足之处进行深刻反思,如讨论了市场有效的动态不一致性、价格反映信息的非充分性、期望利润为零悖论、信息有效和配置有效的兼容性问题、市场有效性内涵的统计性趋向严重、时间序列分析的平均权重问题、市场有效的功能脆弱性等。     

Environmental regulation and productivity: testing the porter hypothesis

Abstract  This paper provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between the stringency of environmental regulation and total factor productivity (TFP) growth in the Quebec manufacturing sector. This allows us to investigate more fully the Porter hypothesis in three directions. First, the dynamic aspect of the hypothesis is captured through the use of lagged regulatory variables. Second, we argue that the hypothesis is more relevant for more polluting sectors. Third, we argue that the hypothesis is more relevant for sectors which are more exposed to international competition. Our empirical results suggest that: (1) the contemporaneous impact of environmental regulation on productivity is negative; (2) the opposite result is observed with lagged regulatory variables, which is consistent with Michel Porter’s conjecture; and (3) this effect is stronger in a subgroup of industries which are more exposed to international competition.