Procedure for the Implementation of the Precautionary Principle in Biosafety Commissions

In order to fulfil their responsibilities under the precautionary principle, biosafety commissions should lay down guidelines concerning the understanding and application of this principle and work towards an operational procedure. With this contribution, we propose a step‐wise procedure that aims to establish the understanding of the precautionary principle within biosafety commissions and to provide a methodological approach for the application of this principle to specific cases in the course of risk assessment. This approach is based on systematically investigating the consensus view within a group of 15 biosafety experts with the help of sets of checklists. For step 1, we propose a checklist of 13 criteria aimed at defining the understanding of the precautionary principle. For step 2, we propose 4 criteria for the decision on whether or not to use the precautionary principle. For step 3, 11 criteria for the use of the precautionary principle are presented. In step 4, additional criteria for specific applications could be included. In step 5, possible recommendations to decision‐making authorities are proposed.     

Economic policy uncertainty and corporate cash policy: International evidence

I investigate the influences of economic policy uncertainty on corporate cash policy. The findings show that there is a positive association between economic policy uncertainty and cash holdings, as well as the propensity to save cash out of operating cash flow. Further analyses suggests that economic policy uncertainty affects corporate cash policy by influencing firms’ precautionary saving motives and the effect is larger when firms have difficulty in raising external finance. Using the new index developed by Baker et al. (2016), I extend the literature on economic policy uncertainty and show that it is an important macro-level factor in influencing corporate cash policy.     

Housing returns,precautionary savings and consumption: Micro evidence from China

We investigate how changes in home prices affect consumption in China via a wealth channel. Examining a panel of 7955 households via fixed effects and instrumental variable methods, we find a marginal propensity to consume out of housing wealth (home-price MPC) that is concentrated on goods consumed for pleasure rather than necessity. This trend is driven by the value of second homes rather than that of primary residences, suggesting a wealth channel. We further examine whether returns on housing investment, including rental income and home appreciation, fund the wealth channel; however, we find little supporting evidence. In contrast, a reduction in health risk increases the home-price MPC, but a reduction in income risk that also relieves precautionary saving motives does not. Our results are robust to alternative data, common-factor progress, expenditure shocks and bequest motives. We contribute by examining second homes, which carry little of the dual nature of housing that primary residences do, to identify a controversial wealth channel, and by studying the relative effects of health and income risks on the wealth channel.     

不起诉裁量制度的价值分析与重构

不起诉裁量权是与起诉便宜主义密切相联系的,法律赋予检察官对于起诉与否的选择权。各国立法对检察机关享有不起诉裁量权的大小持有不同的态度。我国立法对不起诉裁量制度所蕴含的丰富而深刻的价值内涵予以认可,赋予了检察机关不起诉裁量权。但也存在着不足,主要表现在对不起诉裁量权的过度限制从而抑制其功效的发挥,因此,我国应采取有效措施,补正现行制度的缺陷,推动相关制度的进一步完善。     

关于人力资源管理专业学生技能培养的思考

人力资源管理专业是一个全方位、立体型的系统培养过程,要探索专业应用技术性人才培养的新途径、新方法、新模式,就必须顺应当代市场经济发展的趋势,树立专业技能培养的新理念,进行广泛多样化的校企合作,按照岗位技能要求进行规范性培养,不断创新办学机制,使专业建设充满朝气和活力.     

审计判断偏误的形成机制与防治对策

在审计实务中需要审计人员在审计各阶段、各环节作出审计判断.审计判断的正确与否直接关系着审计结论的正确性和会计信息使用者的正确决策,而审计判断偏误的存在是导致审计判断错误的主要原因之一.因此,研究审计判断偏误的形成机制及其防治就显得十分必要了.     

语用学视域下商务英语翻译研究

语用学研究的主要是特定情境中的特定话语,而商务英语的特殊性质决定了其翻译应从语用学入手。特别是Grice提出的合作原则和Leech提出的礼貌原则有助于从语言学之外的视角来研究商务英语的翻译问题,进而有助于翻译效果的提高和商务行为的成功。     

商业判断规则的法经济学分析

由于董事商业决策的结果具有不确定性,法律机制介入董事商业决策既不准确而且成本高昂。商业判断规则作为董事决策行为的"安全港",在制度设计上应将司法审查限制在决策程序而非内容上,使董事拥有充分的决策自由裁量权,增进整个市场的经济效率。     

国外促进产业集群化的政策选择与启示

西方的经济理论与产业实践证明,成功的产业集群往往是市场驱动和政策激励的综合结果。产业集群政策对我们国家来说,还是一种探索中的设计框架,尚不成熟。因此,本文从分析国外产业集群发展的经验和教训出发,对合理设计我国产业集群政策框架应秉承的原则进行了探讨。     

朝鲜的经济变化与中国的作用

在朝鲜经济变化过程中，中国发挥着重要作用。中国对朝鲜的无偿援助、贸易和投资为朝鲜经济发展提供动力；中国成功的改革开放模式为朝鲜提供参考与借鉴；中朝韩三国区域合作既有利于实施东北振兴战略，又可以消除韩国对中朝经济合作的担心和竞争心理，更可以促进朝鲜经济开放，减弱朝鲜对体制安全的忧虑，并逐渐引导朝鲜融入东北亚区域经济合作之中。