领导成员交换对主管评估行为的影响研究

近年来,评估者行为成为绩效评估研究领域的新焦点,它会受到自身动机/ 特征、受评者特征、评估者与受评者二元关系、组织评估制度等多方面因素的影响。本文设定主管为评估者,选择评估者与受评者二元关系中的领导成员交换（LMX）作为主要研究变量,探究LMX 与主管评估行为之间的关系。通过231 份有效问卷数据统计结果发现,LMX 显著正向影响主管宽大评估行为,LMX 水平越高,评估结果越趋向宽大;反之LMX 显著负向影响主管准确评估行为,LMX 水平越低,评估结果越趋向准确。在研究中引入管理性评估目的作为调节变量,当处于低情境下的绩效评估管理性目的时,LMX 对主管评估行为影响与主效应保持一致,但处于高情境下的绩效评估管理目的时,无论LMX 水平高低与否,主管都会趋向采取准确评估行为。     

上市公司过度投资动因研究——基于经理报酬视角的分析

当公司存在自由现金流量时,中国上市公司倾向于过度投资,不过自由现金流量与过度投资的关系会因公司的成长机会高低和持有的自由现金流量的多少而有所不同,从而表现出一定的区间效应。其中,代理问题最严重的高自由现金流量、低成长机会的公司过度投资倾向明显大于其他类型的公司。从对公司过度投资的动因检验来看,高自由现金流量的公司的过度投资与经理报酬显著正相关,显示出此类公司过度投资的动机很大程度上在于提高经理报酬,因而表现出很强的机会主义行为。     

Quantitative and qualitative insights into consumers’ sustainable purchasing behaviour: a segmentation approach based on motives and heuristic cues

The present study draws on the concepts of motives and heuristics to thoroughly understand consumers’ sustainable consumption behaviour in the context of personal care products. The mixed-methods approach combines real purchasing data with in-depth qualitative data to generate insights with a high external validity. In the first section of the study, quantitative analysis is applied to actual purchasing behaviour (n = 10,772,477) to identify market trends. Three main groupings, along with specific heuristic cues, are established. In the second step, a qualitative study (n = 21) provides deeper insights into consumers’ motives and decision-making processes. By synthesising the quantitative and qualitative research findings, a segmentation approach is developed. Relevant motives and values, and corresponding specific heuristic cues are identified for each consumer segment. Analysis suggests that consumers are motivated by self-interest and environmental motives, and that they use simple heuristic cues to make quick and satisfying purchasing decisions. Both retailers and manufacturers can leverage these insights to seize the opportunities of the developing market for sustainable personal care products.     

全球价值链形成的动力系统及运行机制研究

全球价值链的形成可以归因于条件系统、动力系统和组织系统。全球价值链的动力系统主要包括促进全球价值链形成的各种动力及其各自在系统中所处的地位和相互作用关系。文章从力学和经济学的双重视角分析了全球价值链形成的动力机制,研究结论显示：全球价值链的形成必须依赖于一定强度的链接力。市场需求是全球价值链形成的动力引擎,一旦引擎启动后,就衍生出一对推动力与离散力。比较优势、规模经济、专业化经济是推动力的来源,而运输成本、协调成本及制度成本的增加构成了离散力的主要来源。     

Precautionary saving under liquidity constraints: Evidence from rural Pakistan

This paper investigates precautionary saving under liquidity constraints in Pakistan using household panel data. In particular, while it estimates Kimball's [Kimball, M.S. Precautionary saving in the small and in the large. Econometrica 1990; 58; 53–73.] prudence parameter based on a framework that is similar to Dynan [Dynan, K.E. How prudent are consumers? Journal of Political Economy 1993; 101; 1104–1113.], this study deviates from the framework by explicitly considering liquidity constraints, as in Zeldes [Zeldes, S.P. Consumption and liquidity constraints: an empirical investigation. Journal of Political Economy 1989; 97; 305–346.]. By doing so, this paper attempts to differentiate the standard precautionary saving caused by uncertainty from that caused by liquidity constraints. Furthermore, endogenous liquidity constraints are used in order to resolve issues of selection biases. We find substantial evidence of the presence of precautionary saving in Pakistan. More specifically, the estimated prudence is significantly higher for liquidity-constrained households as compared with unconstrained ones. The finding suggests that the precautionary saving motives appear stronger when households see that their access to credit markets is limited.     

我国上市公司主动设立独立董事的动机分析

在我国独立董事制度的强制性制度变迁过程中,部分上市公司出现了主动设立独立董事的"自愿行为"。针对引发自愿行为的动机进行理论分析,并以沪深两市主动设立与非主动设立各50家上市公司为样本进行实证检验,结果表明我国上市公司中存在主动设立独立董事的"监督的动机"和"顾问的动机"。该研究为我国上市公司从强制合规到步入主动守规的自主治理阶段以及如何改革独立董事制度等方面提供了经验支持。     

高职学生信息交互行为的影响因素研究

在高职学生的发展过程中,信息交互是高职学生获取隐性信息的重要方法之一,可以提高学生的可持续发展能力。然而由于其自身的特殊性,隐性信息的获取是及其困难的。因此本文以计划行为理论为基础,以高职学生为研究对象,深入了解高职学生对待信息交互的态度,在此基础上,拟定问卷并进行调研,最后利用SPSS13.0对调研的数据进行信度和效度分析,从而得出影响高职学生信息交互行为的要素。     

Commentary: Morality and workability ­ a rejoinder to O'Riordan

This paper is about understanding the rhetoric of precaution and the practice of decision-making in areas of environmental controversy. It untangles the rhetoric, as established in documented agreements referring to precaution, from the constituent ideas that embody it, as characterized by those who deliberate on its application. By analysing the ways in which the rhetoric of precaution is framed within these documents it is possible to identify different elements that make up the principle in theory. By focussing on the constituent ideas behind the precautionary principle it is possible to move forward from the stalemate of rhetoric that could become the focus of attention itself.     

激发学习动力,提高教学质量

学习动力是推动学生学习的内在力量 ,对提高教学质量十分重要。但目前相当一部分大中专学生学习动力不足。对策 :1、加强思想教育 ,端正学习态度 ,明确学习目的。2、在学习、生活上关心学生 ,加强师生间的感情交流。3、改进教学方法和手段 ,提高讲课艺术。     

On the utility premium of Friedman and Savage

We re-examine the utility premium of Friedman–Savage [Friedman, Milton and Savage, Leonard J., “The Utility Analysis of Choices Involving Risk.” Journal of Political Economy 56, 1948, pp. 279–304.]. This measure is useful in understanding risky choices. For instance its reaction to an increased wealth equates to a precautionary demand for saving. We also analyze its two components.