中国重大技术装备制造业的技术升级路径选择——政府介入下的业主与中外厂商博弈研究

本文分析了重大技术装备需求业主的购买及重复购买国外设备的策略,指出巨大的市场需求以及业主之间的竞争使得业主购买和重复购买国外设备的行为陷入了囚徒困境。业主的重复购买和国内厂商的技术控制导致了中国重大技术装备制造业的结构性矛盾,造成了对国外引进的技术装备消化吸收能力不强,严重制约了中国重大技术装备制造业技术水平的提升。为此,本文提出以国家重大项目建设为契机,用政策工具约束业主行为,从而提升中国重大技术装备制造业的技术水平。     

“奥尔森困境”的博弈分析及对我国地方政府间区域公共产品有效提供的启示

在集体选择过程中,在许多情况下,多数人未必能战胜少数人,这种情况被称为"奥尔森困境".集体行动的决策实际上是集体内部的个体相互博弈的结果.     

The optimal degree of cooperation in the repeated Prisoners' Dilemma with side payments

In the infinitely repeated Prisoners' Dilemma with side payments, we characterize the Pareto frontier of the set of subgame perfect equilibrium payoffs for all possible combinations of discount factors. Play paths implementing Pareto dominant equilibrium payoffs are uniquely determined in all but the first period. Full cooperation does not necessarily implement these payoffs even when it maximizes total stage game payoffs. Rather, when the difference in players' discount factors is sufficiently large, Pareto dominant equilibrium payoffs are implemented by partial cooperation supported by repeated payments from the impatient to the patient player. When both players are sufficiently patient, such payoffs, while implemented via full cooperation, are supported by repeated payments from the impatient to the patient player. We characterize conditions under which public randomization has no impact on the Pareto dominant equilibrium payoffs and conditions under which such payoffs are robust to renegotiation.     

自媒体背景下高校广告教学的困境及其对策

自媒体本质上是一种信息技术环境,它的勃兴对高校教学产生了重大的影响。文章聚焦广告学科,分析了自媒体对广告教学的影响,重点探讨了自媒体背景下广告专业教学的困境,进而探索其解决之道。     

市场失灵、政府失效与第三种力量缺失——中小企业融资困境辨析

就中国目前情况看,中小企业公共产品属性和金融市场垄断并不能成为金融市场失灵的表象,因而无法直接用于解释中小企业融资困境。而在市场失灵理论支持下的政府干预,其效果也需重新审视。政府干预必须遵循一定的市场规律,否则,将不仅不能起到弥补之功效,还会导致更多的效率损失。充分利用中小企业融资中的第三种力量,即民间金融和中小企业信用互助担保,作为市场机制和政府机制的有益补充,无疑将有利于中小企业融资困境解决。     

物权编体系重构应变土地所有权为非限定土地使用权

《物权法》以土地所有权为基础,忽视了公有制下土地所有权的特殊性,导致了精神背离和体系紊乱。土地所有权更多是公权力,构成土地基础性财产权的是土地使用权。在土地使用权的制度实践中,存在一种非限定的土地使用权类型,其用途非限定、时间永久且可自由转让,物权编应以之作为土地所有权在物权法中的对应权利,而将土地所有权逐出物权编,从而建立起以非限定土地使用权为自物权,以限定土地使用权为用益物权的物权体系。     

我国能源密集型产品出口贸易的环境代价内部化:“两难”及其化解

基于我国要素比价扭曲的现实,对能源密集型产品出口贸易的环境代价及相关比较利益扭曲进行了理论分析,并从能源机会成本与环境容量资源成本两个层次构建估算体系。研究表明,我国在此类产品的出口贸易中发生了巨大的环境代价和比较利益扭曲。环境代价内部化是矫正扭曲的根本途径,但由于我国此类产品在国际市场上不具有定价权,且出口额对出口价格的弹性大多为负,此举将导致矫正扭曲与获取贸易利得的两难。权衡结果表明,环境代价内部化虽可实现比较利益的净增长,但这一宏观最优抉择会在微观层面遭遇阻滞,故其路径选择应对微观经济主体产生实施此类措施的内生激励,方可化解两难,从而经济且可持续地矫正扭曲。     

Real-World Economics Today:The New Complexity,Co-ordination and Policy

More realistic economics has to start out from the most basic socio-economic phenomena and processes, i.e. dilemma-prone interdependencies and strong uncertainty among agents that have become ubiquitous phenomena in the world today. In the reality of the “new” economy these are represented by functional and spatial fragmentation of value-added chains, global de-regulation and disembedding of the most powerful economic agents, on one hand, and increasing complexity and high integration of goods and services and net-based tele-IC-technologies on the other hand. All these rather new phenomena entail ubiquitous actual or potential co-ordination failure, either in the form of conventional “market failure”, with a complete mutual blockage of action, or of “wrong” co-ordination, or technological “lock-in”. Both forms are indicative of an insufficient capacity of the co-ordinated action required. In contrast, capability of sustainable innovative action in a broad sense requires new forms of co-ordination beyond “market” and “hierarchy”. Economics thus has to be defined more than ever as a science of effective co-ordination and the generation of innovative and sustainable collective action capacity. The global corporate economy has developed individualist arrangements to cope with that new co-ordination problem, such as local clusters and hub&spoke networks, which all have severe shortcomings. Against this background, the paper develops a setting with ubiquitous direct interdependencies, net-externalities, “strategic” strong uncertainty and ubiquitous (latent) social-dilemma problems. It discusses the possibility of an ideal decentralized and spontaneous co-ordination through emergent institutionalized collective action, specifically of “well-governed” network co-operation. In conclusion, it is argued that only a hybrid system of networks together with a new public policy role, supporting collective learning and emergent institutional co-ordination, i.e. an “interactive” and “institutional” policy approach, is capable of solving the co-ordination problems of the “new” economy.     

嵌套社会困境中跨区域联合治霾的地方政府合作研究--来自实验室实验建议

大气污染治理成为2013年最重大的课题之一。传统的基于行政区划的“行政区行政”治理方式陷入困境,探寻突破行政区进行跨地区联合治霾的方案被一再提出。这种地方政府间横向的合作关系涉及到微观主体、城市、城市群三类主体,成为同时具有局部（城市）和全局（城市群）两类公共物品的嵌套社会困境。本文在嵌套社会困境模型上对该机制进行分析,并借助实验经济学实验室实验对假设进行检验,发现：（1）该机制中无论对局部还是全局,公共品的自愿供给显著存在;（2）个体成员间禀赋差异仅影响个体对于全局的合作水平;（3）该机制中个体的合作水平显著高于单公共物品。因此,得出结论,跨地区联合治霾不仅是可行的,就合作水平来讲要显著高于单个行政区行政的治理方式。     

民国上海女律师的执业困境与自我成就

随着民国女律师的出现,中国女性参与法律职业的空白状态终于被打破,成为中国男女在法律职业上平等之起点。由于“赋权”式执业资格的实现方式,女律师执业权利实现后的经营面临着诸多的困境。初入职场的女律师备受时人瞩目,但旧有的律师评价体系仍用“女流之辈”这类标签,高傲地认为妇女与法律职业是相矛盾的。民国女律师在执业过程中要同时克服来自时代、自身以及同业男性律师的三重困境。面对既存的男性律师关系网带来的压力,她们没有甘心屈居“他者”的地位,而是调动一切资源开展业务,试图跻身民国律师中的佼佼者行列。