城市劳动力市场上的就业冲击对家庭教育决策的影响

本文使用中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济所的城市住户调查资料,分析了父母的就业冲击对子女大学入学决策的影响。作者对中国经济结构的调整和劳动力市场冲击进行了介绍,讨论了中国的高等教育体制及其新近在融资和扩招方面的改革措施。在经验分析部分,我们仔细地控制了家庭之间不可观测的差异性所产生的影响,并利用线性概率模型对父母就业冲击所产生的影响进行了测算,结果发现父亲失去工作使即将进入大学的子女的入学可能性下降了约30%。     

和谐社会视角下的我国城市就业问题探讨

构建和谐社会是我国新时期建设的主要任务,而城市就业,则是实现和谐社会的基本要求之一."十一五"期间,我国就业形势依然严峻.因此,我们在保持较高经济增长速度的同时,应该从产业结构、就业结构、教育结构、就业服务体系、就业形式等各方面千方百计扩大就业,多渠道、多方式地增加就业岗位,促进就业问题的解决.     

Females' perspectives on tourism's impact and their employment in the sector: The case of Petra,Jordan.

This study aims to explore the trend towards gender equality in the tourism sector of the Petra region, Jordan. To do so, a mixed methods design including a questionnaire and in-depth interviews was employed for female residents of rural and urban areas in the region. The results show that women do not have favourable view of tourism's economic impacts and that several barriers exist to their employment in the tourism sector. The findings' implications and future studies are addressed.     

Understanding the impact of COVID-19 intervention policies on the hospitality labor market

Using new high-frequency data that covers a representative sample of small businesses in the United States, this study investigates the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting state policies on the hospitality industry. First, business closure policies are associated with a 20–30% reduction of non-salaried workers in the food/drink and leisure/entertainment sectors during March-April of 2020. Second, business reopening policies play a statistically significant role in slowly reviving the labor market. Third, considerable differences exist in the impact of policies on the labor market by state. Fourth, the rise of new COVID-19 cases on a daily basis is associated with the continued deterioration of the labor market. Lastly, managerial, practical, and economic implications are described.     

论就业机会产品失灵问题的政府治理

中国劳动力市场的典型特征是就业机会与劳动力资源之间的信息分布不对称,而就业机会实质上是一种公共产品。根据市场失灵理论,解决公共品市场失灵问题时政府与市场两条思路均可采用。文章沿袭自古典经济学家庇古以来的传统,认为应该引入政府的干预来解决就业机会的市场失灵问题．并在此基础上提出相应的建议。     

So,you want to be an entrepreneur? Lessons from the Entrepreneurship Bootcamp for Veterans with Disabilities

Based on helping dozens of military veterans refine their ideas for starting a business, we identify and discuss a series of potential pitfalls that aspiring entrepreneurs—veterans and civilians alike—must avoid in order to be successful. Potential entrepreneurs must not confuse the pursuit of hobbies and self-employment with the act of creating a business. People who wish to build a business around public speaking or consulting need to firmly establish why customers should be willing to pay for their advice. Individuals that seek to develop a new non-profit organization must have a viable value proposition even though they are not pursing a profit motive. Overall, the entrepreneurial ventures that are most likely to succeed are those that (1) are based on a sustainable business model, (2) leverage the entrepreneur's unique experiences and attributes, and (3) are built around a process or system that enables the venture to prosper even if the entrepreneur leaves the venture.     

经济运行与增长中的中小企业作用机理

如果偏重于发展大工业企业 ,由于资本利润率下降和工资成本逐年上升规律 ,其资本有机构成随之要提高 ,就业的劳动力相对就越来越少 ,会发生严重的失业和消费不足 ;农业的土地资本有机构成也是一个提高的过程 ,也要逐年挤出大量的劳动力来。中小企业的资本有机构成低 ,其变动不遵从于大工业资本有机构成的变动规律。因此 ,大力发展中小企业可以转移和吸收大工业和农业由于资本有机构成提高而剩余出来的劳动力 ,使资本、就业和消费达到平衡 ,避免出现严重的失业和生产过剩现象。从经济增长看 ,中小企业发展不足 ,将会导致民间投资渠道不畅而使相当一部分储蓄不能正常转化为投资需求。发展中小企业 ,疏通投资渠道 ,变劳动力过剩劣势为劳动力密集便宜竞争优势 ,以及城市化中中小企业在地理上的集中带来的聚集效应 ,将是未来 1 0— 1 5年中国经济高速增长的重要推动力。     

浅谈以就业为导向的高职教育

发展高职教育,培养适应社会需要的应用型人才,必须以就业为导向。必须明确高等职业教育的发展定位,突出职业性特征;必须深化教育教学制度改革和人才培养模式改革,优化专业结构．增设社会急需专业,全面推进素质教育,提升学生的综合素质能力;必须加强就业指导,转变学生的就业观念。     

高房价是否导致了区域高技能人力资本流出?

我国正处于由人口大国向人力资本强国转型的关键阶段,高技能人才资源已成为当今区域经济社会发展的第一资源;与此同时,我国已经历了一段房价全面上涨的时期,由房价高速上涨所导致的人才流出问题引起政府与公众的广泛关注。在此背景下,本文通过对大学生就业地选择的关注,考察了高房价对地区高技能人力资本流出的影响。本文的结果稳健地表明,高房价显著地提高了大学毕业生离开本地就业的概率;根据本文的估计,在2010年至2015年期间,房价的上升至少增加了区域高技能人才流出21.5%;特别地,房价的挤出作用对于较弱家庭背景的学生以及非一线城市更为严重,此外,高房价也影响了大学毕业生的职业选择。本文的研究结果指出了中国高房价可能影响长期经济社会发展的一个新的重要渠道;同时,通过对房价的关注,为地区与国家减少高技能人才流出,实现经济发展由要素驱动向创新驱动转变提供了新的启示。     

黑龙江省高职高专毕业生结构性就业问题的现状与对策

目前,全国高级应用人才短缺,但是黑龙江省高职高专毕业生就业率却很低,造成目前结构性就业问题的原因来自于政府、院校和受教育者个人三个层面,寻求对策必须从这三个源头入手。