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151.
Determinants of violent and property crimes in England and Wales: a panel data analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We examine various determinants of property and violent crimes by using police force area level (PFA) data on England and Wales over the period of 1992–2008. Our list of potential determinants includes two law enforcement variables namely crime-specific detection rate and prison population, and various socio-economic variables such as unemployment rate, real earnings, proportion of young people and the Gini Coefficient. By adopting a fixed effect dynamic GMM estimation methodology we attempt to address the potential bias that arises from the presence of time-invariant unobserved characteristics of a PFA and the endogeneity of several regressors. There is a significant positive effect of own-lagged crime rate. The own-lagged effect is stronger for property crime, on an average, than violent crime. We find that, on an average, higher detection rate and prison population leads to lower property and violent crimes. This is robust to various specifications. However, socio-economic variables with the exception of real earnings play a limited role in explaining different crime types. 相似文献
152.
We identify two sources of bias arising from time-series regression used to compute beta. This bias arises due to the classical error in variables problem and a ‘mechanical interaction’ which exists when the index comprises the asset of interest. Assuming that the market is proxied by a fixed-weight index, we demonstrate that the relative weighting of an asset within the index, and/or the magnitude of its idiosyncratic risk, directly biases the beta estimate for the individual stock and also for all stocks within the index. Via simulations, we show that the problem is most pronounced for markets with a small number of highly concentrated assets. Finally, we propose a procedure to reduce this bias and apply the methods to equity data. 相似文献
153.
《Journal of Transnational Management》2013,18(2):61-77
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine the linkage between strategic variables and the export performance of firms in the United States, Germany, and Japan. R&D Intensity, Capital Intensity, Average Collection Period, Debt Leverage, and Labor Productivity are used as measures of strategic variables. R&D intensity and Labor Productivity are found to have a strong and positive association with export performance in all three countries. Capital intensity and average collection period also have significant relationship with export performance in the United States and Japan, respectively. 相似文献
154.
《Journal of Transnational Management》2013,18(1-2):1-25
Abstract The aim of this study is to de ter mine and an a lyze cor porate per for mance in Jor dan dur ing the pe riod 1989-1996. Four mod els have been spec i fied to test and an a lyze cor po rate per for mance at the macro level. The find ings have re vealed that earn ing per share (EPS) and stock prices are found to be the better mea sures of cor po rate per formance at the macro level. These mea sures were found to be af fected basi cally by or ga ni za tional vari ables, fol lowed by lead er ship vari ables. The pa per thus chal lenges the view that the poor cor po rate per for mance is at trib uted to en vi ron men tal and man a ge rial vari ables, as these variables were found to have no ma jor ef fect on cor po rate per for mance in Jor dan. 相似文献
155.
该研究采用面板模型实证分析了2003年12月至2008年4月上海证券交易所债券市场国债风险溢价与利率期限结构及宏观经济变量的关系。实证结果显示,上期利率期限结构曲线越陡峭,当期国债风险溢价越高;上期通货膨胀水平越高,当期国债风险溢价越高,而再延长一期滞后期,会发现滞后第二期的通货膨胀水平与当期国债风险溢价存在显著负关系;货币供应同比增速增加时,国债风险溢价水平降低。 相似文献
156.
157.
工业行业综合竞争力的主成份分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文应用多元统计分析方法---主成份分析方法,选择行业竞争力的十五大指标对工业行业综合竞争力进行评价。以河北省25个主要行业为分析对象,通过对行业竞争力的主成份分析,我们对河北省各行业的竞争能力情况以及各行业本身长短处进行了评价,同时也指出河北省工业行业发展中所存在的主要问题。 相似文献
158.
Anne-Sophie Crépin 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2007,36(2):191-213
Economists have relied on convexity assumptions for a long time but many natural resources that stem from ecosystems have
non-convexities in their dynamics. This article illustrates the consequences of relaxing convexity assumptions for management
and the role of fast and slow variables. The paper presents a general framework to handle systems with fast and slow variables,
and illustrates the method using a model of coral reefs subject to fishing pressure. The insights obtained are used to discuss
alternative management strategies.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at . 相似文献
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at . 相似文献
159.
160.
Umberto Triacca 《Economics Letters》1998,60(3):157
In this paper a proof is offered that if a variable Y3 does not cause a variable Y1 in the bivariate system (Y1, Y3) and Y3 causes a variable Y1 in higher-order system (Y1, Y2, Y3), then the omitted variable Y2 must cause the variable Y1 in the bivariate system (Y1, Y2) and in the trivariate system (Y1, Y2, Y3). 相似文献