#br# 药交所试点背景下人均医疗费用的影响因素研究

本文采用固定效应模型建立人均医疗费用影响因素的一般模型，并通过引入药交所虚拟变量和考察医生收入的中介效应进一步阐释该模型。研究结果表明，诱导需求与医院规模对人均医疗费用均有显著影响；药交所政策降低了人均医疗费用，但医生收入中介效应的存在使得部分医疗资源被浪费。本文提出了控制人均医疗费用的政策建议：增加医院与卫生院的数量；合理调整医务工作者内部结构；倡导医生自由执业并提供保障；合理增加医生收入。     

Probabilistic assessment of fleet-level noise impacts of projected technology improvements

Demand projections for civil aviation have forecast increases in operations in future decades. Increases in demand are beneficial to the growth and advancement of the aviation industry, but also come with the threat of significant increase in environmental impacts. In response, the industry is focusing on programs to develop technologies for reductions in fuel burn, NO_x emissions, and noise. While aircraft-level impacts are an obvious metric of success, it is difficult to make informed robust technology investment decisions with respect to noise without understanding the fleet-level impacts. Fleet-level predictions of noise for technology explorations are especially complicated because it is computationally expensive, highly combinatorial, and airport-specific. Recently, rapid automated airport noise models have been developed, which can be simulated using Design of Experiments (DOE). The results of these simulations are used to generate surrogate models for airport noise contour area, which can be summed to yield a fleet-level impact. These models make use of simplifying assumptions to provide estimates of airport-level noise that are substantially cheaper to compute. They can be used to perform parametric trade-off analyses in conjunction with the equivalency assumption. Equivalency asserts that environmental impacts of a technology infused aircraft can be represented by scaled operations of the baseline aircraft in the same class. This simple assumption allows for the modeling of technology and market penetration factors under the same units: operations. This research uses surrogate models in conjunction with the equivalency assumption to examine two potential technology scenarios in a target forecast year, simulating technology and market performance factors to identify vehicle classes that could have the greatest impact in reducing contour area. Results show that technology and market performance of future notional Small Single Aisle and Large Single Aisle vehicle aircraft have the highest positive correlations with potential reductions in contour area.     

Nothing Tastes as Local: Jordanians’ Perceptions of Buying Domestic Olive Oil

To date, little is known about how consumers perceive local and foreign olive oil. This study was conducted with the intention of exploring key trends in Jordanian consumers’ perceptions toward local olive oil and to examine whether they are ethnocentric toward purchasing their local olive oil in the era of the Arab Spring. The research design is a combination of quantitative with a qualitative technique to support and expand on the research findings. Data were collected from a total number of 196 Jordanians who live in Amman city. The results revealed that Jordanians are loyal to their country’s olive oil; they expressed strong ethnocentric tendencies toward purchasing it, and their purchasing tendencies are influenced by nationalism. Jordanians ranked their local olive oil as the best worldwide. This article provides original insights into the development and marketing strategies for local and global olive oil producers in the Jordan market and other Arab country markets.     

Inflation Triggers in Transition Economies: Their Evolution and Specific Features

Analysis of thirty inflation episodes in sixteen European transition economies, using the probit panel model with fixed effects, uncovers inflation triggers that overlap with those obtained in either developing or developed countries or both. However, we found some transition-specific features. Thus, the relative contribution of the triggers evolves as transition progresses, such that the early dominance of the output gap, the fiscal deficit, and elections are subsequently subdued by a rise in food and oil prices, the exchange rate regime, and the current account deficit. The last two triggers could be linked to deep financial integration in Europe and the consequent large flow of capital toward European transition economies in the 2000s, a phenomenon not observed in any other part of the world. In addition, the exchange rate regime as an inflation starter in transitional Europe may be due to its convergence with developed Europe and the resulting real appreciation of currency.     

Dynamic Interactions Among Macroeconomic Variables and Stock Indexes in Taiwan,Hong Kong,and China

This study analyzes dynamic interactions among macroeconomic variables and the stock markets of Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China by incorporating the long-term and short-term comovements, which can shed some light on the long-term and short-term market efficiency/inefficiency in the region. The number of common cycles is investigated in these markets and each stock index series is decomposed into its trend and cyclical components. The authors observe that foreign stock markets have greater influence on the domestic market than domestic macroeconomic variables do. This implies that policymakers need to consider not only macroeconomic variables but also the effects of markets on one another when markets are integrated.     

$$\mathcal{D}$$-optimal Minimum Support Mixture Designs in Blocks

An easy method to construct efficient blocked mixture experiments in the presence of fixed and/or random blocks is presented. The method can be used when qualitative variables are involved in a mixture experiment as well. The resulting designs are -optimal in the class of minimum support designs. It is illustrated that the minimum support designs are more efficient than orthogonally blocked mixture experiments presented in the literature and only slightly less efficient than -optimal designs.     

企业员工边缘化的结构维度与人口学变量的差异性分析

组织有效性是组织研究中的一个中心主题,研究者和实践者都设法确定能够增加组织有效的行为和减少无效的行为的一种组织结构和行为。员工边缘化理论为研究组织有效性提供了一个新的视角。近年来,员工边缘化问题得到了学界和实务界的共同关注,但大都停留在理论探索阶段,尚缺乏一个成熟的员工边缘化测量量表。本研究探索性地设计了一个五维度的员工边缘化内容结构量表,具有较好的效度与信度,在此基础上,检验了员工边缘化对离职意向的显著预测作用,并进行了员工边缘化及其各个维度在人口学变量上的差异性分析。     

东西部地区利用外资方式的实证分析与比较

西部地区吸收外商直接投资占全国的比例长期以来一直处于很低的水平。东西部地区吸收外商直接投资存在巨大反差。文章从东西部地区利用外资方式的实证分析入手，对东西部地区利用外资方式的变化进行对比分析；运用外商对华直接投资方式的决策模型剖析和判断西部地区区位变量的滞后状态；并据此针对西部地区利用外资提出部分观点与建议。     

陕西房地产价格与宏观经济变量的SVAR模型分析

文章利用2005年8月至2010年3月陕西房地产价格和宏观经济数据,建立五变量SVAR模型,研究陕西房地产价格同宏观经济变量之间的脉冲响应关系。研究结果显示:货币政策对陕西房地产价格影响甚微,而宏观经济与陕西房地产价格之间具有相互长期显著影响,特别是房价上涨持续推高通胀。因此,要促进陕西房地产市场健康发展,需要增加陕西房地产市场供给,满足刚性需求并拓宽投资渠道,分流房地产的保值增值需求。     

Socioeconomic variations in perceived barriers to recreation participation among would‐be participants

Abstract

The effects of fifteen barriers to participation were examined among people who expressed a desire for but were unable to participate in a new recreational activity. Work commitments, overcrowding of facilities, and lack of partners were the three main barriers. The effects of barriers were not perceived uniformly across the sample but varied between subgroups defined according to socioeconomic variables: the people most likely to be affected by barriers to participation included the poor, the elderly, and single parents. The extent to which recreation practitioners can and should respond to these kinds of research findings is discussed, and several ways in which the effects of barriers to participation might be modified or alleviated are evaluated.