The Economics of Managing Infectious Wildlife Disease

We use a two-state linear control model to examine the socially optimal management of disease in a valuable wildlife population when diseased animals cannot be harvested selectively. The two control variables are nonselective harvests and supplemental feeding of wildlife, where feeding increases both in situ productivity and disease prevalence. We derive a double singular solution which depends on the initial state and does not require bang-bang controls. The case of bovine tuberculosis among Michigan white-tailed deer is analyzed. In the base model, the disease is optimally maintained at low levels, with intermittent investments (via feeding) in deer productivity.     

西藏职业技术学院实验农场牛布病与结核病的净化措施

牛布病和结核病分别是由布鲁氏杆菌和结核分枝杆菌引起的人畜共患传染病,严重危害养牛业可持续发展和人民身体健康,危害公共卫生安全。一旦发生,如不能采取有效的净化措施,不仅给畜牧养殖业造成很大损失,而且也严重威胁人体健康。随着奶牛业在全国各地迅速发展,奶牛交易流通的增加,及奶产品在人们饮食结构中的比例越来越大,奶牛的布氏杆菌病、结核病发病率已在悄然上升,饮用未经消毒的牛奶易使人感染布氏杆菌病和牛型结核病。     

健康教育对肺结核患者负性情绪的影响

目的：探讨健康教育对肺结核患者负性情绪的影响。方法选取80例肺结核患者随机分为研究组和对照组,各40例。所有患者都行常规治疗,并给予常规护理,对照组患者给予常规指导,研究组患者给予健康教育。对比两组患者入、出院时的抑郁、焦虑程度。结果两组患者入院时的抑郁和焦虑得分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;而出院时研究组患者得分均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论健康教育可有效的改善肺结核患者的负性情绪。     

利福喷丁、利福平在初治涂阳肺结核患者治疗中的疗效

目的 探讨利福喷丁、利福平治疗初治涂阳肺结核患者的疗效.方法 选取沈阳市第十人民医院2019年1—12月收治的90例初治涂阳肺结核患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组45例.对照组采用利福平治疗,观察组采用利福喷丁治疗,比较两组患者痰涂片转阴率、空洞闭合治疗有效率,发热、咳嗽、咳痰症状消退时间,治...     

The economic implications of switching to rivaroxaban from enoxaparin plus vitamin K antagonist in the treatment of venous thromboembolism

Abstract

Objective:

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) impacts ～900,000 individuals annually in the US, causing up to 100,000 deaths. Patients experiencing VTE have heightened risk of recurrence. Initial parenteral anti-coagulation is standard therapy for acute VTE followed by ≥3 months of warfarin, which introduces the risk of major bleeding. Balancing increased risks of bleeding and recurrent VTE remains challenging. Recent clinical trials suggest that rivaroxaban, an oral direct inhibitor of factor Xa, provides an effective, safe, simplified approach to treatment. This study considers the economic implications of these data.     

护理干预在耐药肺结核患者中的应用效果

目的探讨护理干预在耐药肺结核患者中应用效果。方法将我院收治的60例耐药肺结核患者随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组30例给予常规护理,观察组30例在常规护理的基础上给予护理干预,比较两组患者的临床效果。结果观察组患者抑郁、焦虑症状发生率为36.7%,对照组患者抑郁、焦虑症状发生率为76.7%,对照组高于观察组（P〈0.05）,观察组患者满意度高于对照组,且观察组住院时间少于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论对耐药肺结核患者进行护理干预,能有效提高治疗效果。     

Treatment patterns and healthcare system burden of managed care patients with suspected pulmonary arterial hypertension in the United States

Abstract

Objectives:

To describe treatment patterns and healthcare burden among individuals with suspected pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), as identified through a practice guideline-based healthcare claims algorithm.

Methods:

Adults with evidence of PAH from 1 January 2004 (commercial and Medicaid) or 1 July 2006 (Medicare Advantage) through 30 June 2008 were identified. Given the lack of an ICD-9 code for PAH, an algorithm was developed requiring: (1) ≥1 claim for PAH medication (index date); (2) ≥1 claim with a pulmonary hypertension diagnosis code in the 6-month pre-index period (baseline) or within 90 days post-index; (3) a right heart catheterization or pulmonary hypertension-related inpatient stay during baseline or within 90 days post-index; and (4) continuous health plan enrollment for 6 months pre-index and ≥6 months post-index. Patients with PAH-specific medications during baseline were excluded. Treatment patterns, healthcare utilization, and costs were assessed during the period ending with the earlier of health plan disenrollment or 31 December 2008.

Results:

Among the 521 included patients, 69% were female. Most patients (94%) initiated treatment with monotherapy (most commonly sildenafil or bosentan), and 12.7% of all patients augmented their therapy by the end of the observation period. The medication possession ratio was 0.96 each for ambrisentan (SD?=?0.04), bosentan (SD?=?0.04), and sildenafil (SD?=?0.05). Overall, 72.6% of patients discontinued therapy with a mean of 149 (SD?=?170) days until discontinuation. A mean (SD) of 2.14 (1.82) all-cause office and 1.64 (1.98) outpatient visits occurred per patient per month. Mean PAH-related healthcare costs were $6617 per patient per month, comprising 71% of all-cause costs. The guideline-based algorithm may not have perfectly captured patients with PAH.

Conclusions:

Patients with suspected PAH were likely to initiate treatment with oral monotherapy, had high compliance rates, and received close ambulatory follow-up. PAH-related costs constituted the majority of all-cause healthcare costs.     

“健康中国”县级结核病防治监测数据调查

结核病是严重危害人类健康的慢性传染病,国务院于2000年印发了《全国结核病防治规划（2001-2010年）》（以下简称《规划》）,要求加强政府领导、多部门合作和全社会参与,共同开展结核病防治工作,以确保社会经济发展。