Innovation and Corporate Tax Planning: The Distinct Effects of Patents and R&D*

Using a large US sample, we find a significant and positive relation between patents and corporate tax planning, and the effect is incremental to the effect of R&D on tax planning. We employ a quasi‐natural experiment based on staggered industry‐level innovation shocks to identify the positive causal effect of patents on corporate tax planning. We also find that patents are not associated with tax planning for domestic firms, but their association with tax planning is concentrated in multinational firms, which have the ability to shift domestic income to low‐tax countries. Moreover, we find that the identified effect mainly exists in the post–check‐the‐box (CTB) rule period when shifting income among affiliates becomes more flexible and convenient. Finally, we use two income‐shifting models and find that patents, rather than R&D, facilitate tax planning through an income‐shifting channel. Overall, our results suggest that R&D and patents facilitate firms' tax planning in distinct ways: R&D facilitates tax planning as intended through tax credits and deductions, whereas patents are used by taxpayers to avoid taxes aggressively through income shifting.     

Testing the presence of borrowing constraints from consumption responses to housing deposit changes

The literature on consumption recognizes the challenge of identifying the presence of borrowing constraints at the household level. In this study, we utilize a unique Korean housing contract, a chonsei contract, to characterize the consumption response to housing deposit changes when households are not limited by borrowing constraints. More specifically, we derive a lower bound for consumption changes, the violation of which indicates the presence of binding borrowing constraints. Applying the result to Korean household data, we identify a group of borrowing-constrained households and confirm the association between borrowing constraints and the excess sensitivity of consumption.     

落实科学发展观,发展循环经济

现阶段,面对人口剧增、资源短缺、环境污染和生态蜕变的严峻现实,循环经济的提出和实施显得尤为迫不及待。本文对循环经济的由来、发展和创新方面进行了深入浅出的分析,并在此基础上提出了一门新的经济学——新循环经济学。笔者用新循环经济学的指导思想分析了我国重化工业化的利弊,提出了重化工业的出路,并阐述了新循环经济学在企业生产、城乡建设和城市发展等方面的应用。     

Proposal of a model to measure competitiveness through factor analysis

This article presents a proposal for a simultaneous competitiveness measurement model for the three geographical levels: country, states, and municipalities. For this, a multivariate factor analysis method is used to help identify five factors, seven sub-factors, and thirty variables, which will be used for the measurement and to present the results of an empirical study on eleven entities: the country, the State of Sonora, and nine municipalities, which represent 80% of the population and 80% of their TGP. The results indicate that, in 2010, the municipality of Hermosillo was the most competitive.     

R与当前大数据审计方法的比较研究

当前,审计人员进行数据分析时以Excel统计计算、SQL语句查询分析为主,而在大数据时代来临之际,这两种工具是否仍能继续作为大数据审计工具协助开展审计工作,本文将结合R语言,分别对其展开比较研究,为将来审计人员开展大数据审计提供基础的理论参考。     

The Housing Market in the United Kingdom: Effects of House Price Volatility on Households

This paper describes the economics of the housing market and explains why house prices are likely to be more volatile than prices in other markets. It illustrates the volatility of house prices relative to some other key economic variables in the UK. The paper then considers the implications of variability in house prices for household behaviour, surveying a number of studies for the UK and elsewhere on the effects of house price volatility on consumption spending, indebtedness, labour supply, and entry to and exit from the homeownership market.     

Real estate valuation,current account and credit growth patterns,before and after the 2008–9 crisis

We explore the stability of the conditioning variables accounting for the real estate valuation before and after the crisis of 2008–9, in a panel of 36 countries, recognizing the crisis break. We validate the robustness of the association between the real estate valuation and lagged current account patterns, both before and after the crisis. The most economically significant variable in accounting for real estate valuation changes turned out to be the lagged real estate valuation appreciation (real estate inflation minus CPI inflation), followed by lagged declines of the current account/GDP, lagged domestic credit/GDP growth, and lagged equity market valuation appreciation (equity market appreciation minus CPI inflation). A one standard deviation increase in lagged real estate appreciation is associated with a 10% increase in the present real estate appreciation, larger than the impact of a one standard deviation deterioration in the lagged current account/GDP (5%) and of the lagged domestic credit/GDP growth (3%). The results are supportive of both current account and credit growth channels, with the momentum channels playing the most important role. Smaller current account/GDP surpluses or larger deficits may serve as warning signals, especially when coinciding with credit expansion and real estate appreciation during the past several quarters.     

An agent-based modelling approach to housing market regulations and Airbnb-induced tourism

Airbnb has shown constant growth and it provides income and taxes to tourist destinations. However, the prevalence of a substantial number of Airbnb providers in tourist destinations may lead to bottlenecks in rental housing markets. Regional planners and policy-makers across the world are therefore imposing restrictions to regulate this hitherto unregulated business model. The present paper sheds light on the link between housing-market regulation and the growth of Airbnb, based upon Norwegian Airbnb listings and agent-based modelling. The simulation results suggest that Airbnb's current growth will not simply flatten out when the supply matches the demand, but will be followed by a series of sudden crises and subsequent quick recoveries. These instabilities will put stress on local rental markets and threaten both the local tourism industry and rental housing markets. Moderate taxation may contribute to a more even distribution of Airbnb listings in Norway, notably across the urban space.     

科技金融发展能否促进中小制造业企业技术创新？——基于中介效应检验模型

基于2010—2017年科技金融发展与上市中小制造业企业数据,构建中介效应检验模型揭示科技金融发展影响中小制造业企业技术创新的内在机制以及政策性科技金融与市场性科技金融之间内在关系。研究发现：政策性科技金融与市场性科技金融之间的替代效应略大于互补效应;商业银行贷款和创业风险投资在一定程度上促进企业技术创新;财政科技投入仅通过降低企业研发投入间接抑制其技术创新;资本市场融资不仅直接抑制企业技术创新,而且通过降低企业研发投入间接抑制其技术创新。     

基于LASSO回归的江西省高校R&D投入强度的影响因素分析

基于2001—2016年江西省高校R&D创新绩效的面板数据,利用LASSO方法筛选,探究江西省高校R&D创新绩效的影响因素。实证研究结果显示,R&D全时人员、R&D投入强度、举办学术交流活动次数、省人均GDP、技术转让合同数以及专利出售合同数6个因素对江西省高校R&D创新绩效影响显著。进一步提出江西省高等院校加强对自身R&D活动的重视和投入等对策建议。