New business formation and employment growth: some evidence for the Spanish manufacturing industry

This paper explores the effects of new business formation on employment growth in Spanish manufacturing industries. New firms are believed to make an important contribution to economic growth but the extent of this contribution is unclear. We consider time lags of new firm formation as explanatory variables of employment change and identify how long the effect of new firm entries on employment lasts. Our main results show that the effects of new business formation are positive in the short term, negative in the medium term and positive in the long term, thus confirming the existence of indirect supply-side effects found in similar studies for other countries.

Market size and tax competition

With international externalities, different country sizes, imperfect competition, and trade costs, tax competition for mobile firms is efficiency-enhancing with respect to the free market outcome. Under both scenarios, the resulting inefficiencies in international specialization and trade flows vanish when trade costs are low enough. Otherwise, only international tax coordination can implement the efficient spatial distribution of firms.     

层次分析法在出口玩具检验监管风险评估中的应用研究

在对出口玩具检验监管工作研究分析的基础上,选取了具有代表性的指标体系,并引入层次分析法科学地确定各个指标的权重。通过建立层次结构模型、构造判断矩阵、相对权重及合成权重的计算,利用较少的定量信息,将整个考核指标过程数学化。最后,针对进一步完善和改进出口玩具检验监管风险评估工作提出合理化建议。     

Internal Versus External R&D: A Study of R&D Choice with Sample Selection

This paper extends previous analyses of the choice between internal and external R&D to consider the costs of internal R&D. The Heckman two-stage estimator is used to estimate the determinants of internal R&D unit cost (i.e. cost per product innovation) allowing for sample selection effects. Theory indicates that R&D unit cost will be influenced by scale issues and by the technological opportunities faced by the firm. Transaction costs encountered in research activities are allowed for and, in addition, consideration is given to issues of market structure which influence the choice of R&D mode without affecting the unit cost of internal or external R&D. The model is tested on data from a sample of over 500 UK manufacturing plants which have engaged in product innovation. The key determinants of R&D mode are the scale of plant and R&D input, and market structure conditions. In terms of the R&D cost equation, scale factors are again important and have a non-linear relationship with R&D unit cost. Specificities in physical and human capital also affect unit cost, but have no clear impact on the choice of R&D mode. There is no evidence of technological opportunity affecting either R&D cost or the internal/external decision.     

QM在SAP R/3系统中的运行原理

SAP公司,在中国企业管理界来说绝对不会陌生,SAP可以说是ERP的代名词。SAP公司的R/3系统凭借其自身系统的完美性、极高的成功率,令无数企业爱不释手,但其不匪的身价却又使企业有可望而不可求之感。SAPR/3系统是由SD模块、FI模块、CO模块等组成的企业资源管理系统,且每一个模块都在系统中发挥极其重要的作用。     

Trade and industrial location with heterogeneous labor

It is shown in the context of a new economic geography model that when labor is heterogeneous trade liberalization may lead to industrial agglomeration and inter-regional trade. Labor heterogeneity gives local monopsony power to firms but also introduces variations in the quality of the job match. Matches are likely to be better when there are more firms and workers in the local market, giving rise to an agglomeration force which can offset the forces against, trade costs and the erosion of monopsony power. A robust agglomeration equilibrium is derived analytically and its properties illustrated with numerical simulations.     

我国西部地区高技术产业R&D效率的差异性分析——基于DEA-Malmquist指数法

基于DEA-Malmquist法,实证分析了2001—2012年我国三大地区及西部各省市高技术产业R&D效率的差异性及变化趋势。结果显示,西部地区的高技术产业R&D创新效率总体上是有较大提高的,特别在西部大开发前期处于高速增长状态,而2006年以后则处于持续衰退中;与其他地区相比,西部地区高技术产业R&D创新效率的提高主要得益于技术效率的提升;西部地区内部,西南地区在高技术产业的发展规模和技术创新水平上远超过了西北地区。     

中国对外直接投资的逆向技术溢出效应评价研究

本文对我国对外直接投资的逆向技术溢出效应进行分析评价,研究表明对外直接投资对我国技术水平的提升有显著的促进作用,并且存在较大的地区差异,对外直接投资对东部地区技术水平的提升作用明显大于中西部地区。同时人力资本积累在此过程中的作用不显著。因此加大政府的扶持力度,更加注重吸收国际创新型人才,增加研发投入是我国提升对外直接投资逆向技术溢出效应的关键。     

加强企业R&D统计调查的对策研究

企业RD活动统计调查是我国科技统计调查工作的重要组成部分,其调查结果是我国政府科技管理决策的关键依据之一。当前,我国企业RD活动统计调查存在着企业RD活动统计调查组织协调工作不完善、企业RD活动统计调查组织形式和调查表指标设置仍存在缺陷、参与企业RD活动统计调查的科技统计人员缺乏系统性培训且队伍缺乏稳定性、企业RD活动统计调查的填报人员缺乏对科技指标的准确把握等突出问题。针对我国企业RD活动统计调查存在的突出问题和面临的新形势,文章提出了完善企业RD活动统计调查运行机制、强化科技部门和统计部门合作、改进企业RD活动统计调查方法、打造高素质科技统计人员队伍、进一步完善企业RD活动统计调查指标体系等对策建议。     

研发产业集聚与扩散——基于新经济地理学与深圳案例的分析

研发产业的空间集散与一般产业相比既有共性又有区别,对城市和区域的产业选择及定位具有特殊意义,值得关注和研究。基于新经济地理学框架和深圳案例的分析表明,规模报酬、要素成本及交易费用是研发产业集散的内在动因,中心与外围的联系互动是其与制造业及其他产业之间关系的空间形态,其产业扩散具备特殊的内部、外部路径。据此,研发业者、中心城市和周边区域可分别采取相应的产业攻略并加强发展互动。