共享心智模式、过程敏捷性与团队绩效关系研究——以软件开发团队为例

团队共享心智模式的构建有利于提高团队绩效,是增强科研团队综合实力的关键因素。以团队过程敏捷性为中介变量,以团队互依性为调节变量,探索共享心智模式对团队绩效的作用机制。以238名软件开发行业人员为研究对象,运用层级回归分析法以及基于拔靴法的结构方程模型对理论框架进行实证分析。研究结果表明:过程敏捷性在共享心智模式与团队绩效之间具有完全中介作用,团队互依性在共享心智模式与过程敏捷性之间具有正向调节作用,但在共享心智模式、团队互依性、过程敏捷性和团队绩效关系模型中,有调节的中介效应并不显著。     

What is the value of entrepreneurship? A review of recent research

This article examines to what extent recent empirical evidence can collectively and systematically substantiate the claim that entrepreneurship has important economic value. Hence, a systematic review is provided that answers the question: What is the contribution of entrepreneurs to the economy in comparison to non-entrepreneurs? We study the relative contribution of entrepreneurs to the economy based on four measures that have most widely been studied empirically. Hence, we answer the question: What is the contribution of entrepreneurs to (i) employment generation and dynamics, (ii) innovation, and (iii) productivity and growth, relative to the contributions of the entrepreneurs’ counterparts, i.e., the ‘control group’? A fourth type of contribution studied is the role of entrepreneurship in increasing individuals’ utility levels. Based on 57 recent studies of high quality that contain 87 relevant separate analyses, we conclude that entrepreneurs have a very important—but specific—function in the economy. They engender relatively much employment creation, productivity growth and produce and commercialize high-quality innovations. They are more satisfied than employees. More importantly, recent studies show that entrepreneurial firms produce important spillovers that affect regional employment growth rates of all companies in the region in the long run. However, the counterparts cannot be missed either as they account for a relatively high value of GDP, a less volatile and more secure labor market, higher paid jobs and a greater number of innovations and they have a more active role in the adoption of innovations.     

Choosing among diffusion models: Some empirical evidence

Is there a ‘best’ diffusion model? How many and which parameters will adequately represent the long-run diffusion process? Two studies using first purchase data for nineteen durable goods are used to systematically compare twenty-four alternative diffusion models: a meta-analytic study, which pools across categories, and an economic approach, which determines the best fitting model for each category individually. A number of guidelines are produced, which stand to improve the choice of diffusion models in forecasting, theory testing, and normative studies.     

Gender-Based Advantage: A Model of Emerging and Constructed Opportunities

This paper seeks to analyze the emergence of gender-based differential advantage in an abstract evolutionary model. This model helps to explain how the social convention of favoring one gender in the distribution of household surplus could emerge over time and suggests that gender-based advantage could emerge in a society without purposeful intent. It also provides insights into intra-household gender relations and the possible effects of reference groups on intra-household relations. In addition, it lays the groundwork for some interesting empirical or experimental research.     

Random dictatorship domains

A domain of preference orderings is a random dictatorship domain if every strategy-proof random social choice function satisfying unanimity defined on the domain is a random dictatorship. Gibbard (1977) showed that the universal domain is a random dictatorship domain. We ask whether an arbitrary dictatorial domain is a random dictatorship domain and show that the answer is negative by constructing dictatorial domains that admit anonymous, unanimous, strategy-proof random social choice functions which are not random dictatorships. Our result applies to the constrained voting model. Lastly, we show that substantial strengthenings of linked domains (a class of dictatorial domains introduced in Aswal et al., 2003) are needed to restore random dictatorship and such strengthenings are “almost necessary”.     

Application and extension of the Moore and ReVelle Hierarchical Maximal Covering Model

In a paper published in Management Science in 1982, George Moore and Charles ReVelle proposed a location model for siting a hierarchical system of medical facilities. In this paper we apply the Moore and ReVelle Hierarchical Maximal Covering Model to the location of medical facilities in the Kohat district in Pakistan. Optimal solutions of the Moore and ReVelle model are compared against the actual location of medical facilities in this district. We then extend the Moore and ReVelle formulation to include fixed and variable costs for siting and operating the facilities. We compare the solutions of that formulation with the results of the original Moore and ReVelle model.     

Mapping expectations for system transformations: Lessons from Sustainability Foresight in German utility sectors

Expectations held by different actor groups are of key importance for the shaping of socio-technical transformation processes. Foresight activities may be interpreted as a means to elicit, aggregate, modulate and contextualize expectations held by different actors. The paper proposes a conceptual framework that allows assessing and reflecting expectations in foresight initiatives that focus on sustainable sector transformations. For this purpose it draws on the recent literature on socio-technical system transformations and social expectation dynamics. The application of the framework is illustrated by experiences gained with the Sustainability Foresight method developed for the case of sustainable utility sector futures in Germany. The process was conceived as a series of participative scenario and strategy workshops involving about 120 stakeholders from the provision, use and governance of utility services.     

Revealed reader preference for marketing journals

In this paper we assess the reading preference for marketing journals by deriving a journal utility scale based on click responses to table of contents postings to the ELMAR virtual community. Use of ELMAR data provides a unique window into journal importance, allowing us to look at table of contents reading behavior rather than citing behavior or attitudinal constructs as has been the case in previous studies. At the time of the study, there were more than 5,100 ELMAR subscribers, easily making this the largest journal ranking study ever undertaken. The external validity of our sample is high since ELMAR subscribers include a high percentage of the population of those interested in scholarly research in marketing. Our results are based on actual choice behavior of subscribers as they simply decide what tables of contents to read. The list of journals included in the study contains 165 different titles posted during the study period, which spanned a year. During that period there were multiple issues posted of these 165 journals, resulting in a replicated field study with high reliability. In fact, our journal reading utility measurement yielded a model with an R² value of .95. We use this model to suggest ways that researchers might come to a richer understanding of the journal consumption process.     

Enhancing accounting students' problem-solving skills: the use of a hands-on conceptual model in an active learning environment

This study documents and evaluates the effectiveness of using a hands-on conceptual model in an active learning environment in a first accounting class. A hands-on model that can be used to help students learn inventory cost allocations is described. The model's potential for enhancing student learning is assessed. Three learning scenarios are evaluated. The first is predominately a traditional lecture-oriented approach using numerical examples to illustrate concepts. The second adds the use of a model within a lecture setting. The third uses an active learning approach along with the model. Student performance and preferences are assessed. Students indicate they perceive that the model helped them understand inventory cost allocations better than solely using numerical examples. Results from an assessment instrument indicate that students who use the model in an active learning environment show enhanced problem-solving skills over that which can be attained in a lecture-oriented environment. There is no evidence, however, that the use of a conceptual hands-on model enhances conceptual recall over that which can be attained in a lecture-oriented environment.