Regional job-turnover and industrial policy. a note on a potential time pattern of regional industrial policies and their job effects - the case of the german city-state of bremen

Many regions have experienced long-run economic fluctuations generated by the life cycles of their dominant industrial clusters. During the downswings in the 1970s and 1980s, proactive structural policies were typically launched in German regions to combat job losses in their core clusters and to create new jobs in new industries. With respect to the German State of Bremen, this paper provides empirical evidence of: (1) a long-run regional downswing; (2) the potential job effects of proactive regional industrial policy programmes in terms of increasing regional employment, by safeguarding jobs in the regional core industries and creating new jobs in new growth industries; and (3) a time pattern in the job effects, which are related to the different generations of programmes.     

建设抚—哈合作开发区的设想

抚远县和一江之隔的哈巴罗夫斯克市及其周围地区,以其优越的地缘优势、资源优势和互补性,具有发展双边(多边)经济技术合作的广阔前景。建设抚哈合作开发区,不仅有利于振兴当地经济,而且可作为参与东北亚国际分工与合作的窗口,通过外参内联,实现由边疆到内地,由双边到多边的多种形式的经贸合作,带动和促进两国内地经济的发展。     

大学城集聚经济效应的发挥——对重庆大学城发展实证分析

大学城集聚经济效应的发挥是高校、企业、政府、市场共同作用的结果。发挥重庆大学城的集聚经济效应,对周边区域发挥辐射带动功能,实现城乡统筹发展的目标。可采取"校企强强联手,重视技术市场化,区域广泛融资,地区结构优化,高素质人才助力"的途径实现。     

贵州有色金属产业集聚度与竞争力的实证研究

促进有色金属产业集聚是提升贵州省有色金属产业竞争力的主要途径之一,因而准确测度和把握有色金属产业集聚与贵州有色金属产业竞争力的关系是非常必要的。文章把贵州省放在西部九省中进行对比分析,选取区位熵反映有色金属产业集聚度,选择企业数量区位熵反映矿产资源产业区域集聚度,选取产业产值区位熵反映有色金属产业经济集聚度,而有色金属产业竞争力则选取产值利润率借以反映。具体实证数据均来源于西部9个省份的2013统计年鉴与2013年的中国有色金属工业年鉴。通过实证研究认为贵州省有色金属产业存在诸如区域集聚、经济集聚不足,产值利润率低下,产业集聚效应难以充分发挥等问题。最后提出提升贵州省有色金属产业竞争力的相关政策建议。     

环境污染与区域经济竞争力互动关系的研究——基于西部地区面板VAR模型的实证分析

采用1994-2016年西部地区面板数据,构建面板向量自回归(PVAR)估计模型,实证分析环境污染与经济竞争力之间的动态关系,结果表明：①西部地区环境污染与经济竞争力之间存在交互影响的互动关系,二者之间的关系符合环境库兹涅茨(EKC)曲线的特征。②环境污染与经济竞争力之间不存在长期协整关系,但存在双向的格兰杰因果关系。方差分解结果表明,经济竞争力对环境污染变动的贡献度较大,而环境污染对经济竞争力的影响较小,说明西部地区经济竞争力的提升是以加剧环境污染为代价,而环境污染并不是阻碍经济竞争力提升的重要因素。因此,西部地区应注重产业结构调整与升级,大力发展绿色经济;促进贸易与环境、区域与环境的协调发展;提高环境规制水平,降低污染排放,实现环境保护与经济发展的协同机制。     

区域政策协调模式比较分析

为促进区域经济协调发展,在政策制定上既要利用地方政府的信息优势,又要协调地方政府之间的行为。在不对称信息框架下,本文构建了一个包含两级政府的理论模型,通过分析集权、分权以及授权三种政策模式下的信息损失与协调损失,比较三种模式的优劣。研究表明,分权和授权模式均优于集权模式,而授权模式与分权模式的优劣主要取决于地区之间经济规模的大小与区域政策协调重要性的差异。     

技术效率、资本深化与地区差异——基于随机前沿模型的中国地区收敛分析

本文提出了基于随机前沿生产函数的地区增长差异分析框架,将各地区劳均产出差距分解为劳均资本差异、经济规模差异和全要素生产率差异三个部分。利用改革时期的省级数据,本文发现尽管要素投入仍然是中国经济增长的主要源泉,但全要素生产率是造成地区差异的重要原因,在地区劳均产出差异中的贡献份额不断提高,将成为今后中国地区增长差异的主要决定力量。而且,1990年以来中国地区全要素生产率呈现出绝对发散趋势,严重的技术扩散壁垒加剧了体制转轨过程中的“马太效应”,短期内地区差距不会随经济发展而缩小,政府需要通过适当的政策对地区发展进行调节,尤其要促进地区间技术扩散,使各地区更好地分享技术创新和体制创新的成果。     

Central bank interventions and jumps in double long memory models of daily exchange rates

In this paper, we estimate ARFIMA–FIGARCH models for the major exchange rates (against the US dollar) which have been subject to direct central bank interventions in the last decades. We show that the normality assumption is not adequate due to the occurrence of volatility outliers and its rejection is related to these interventions. Consequently, we rely on a normal mixture distribution that allows for endogenously determined jumps in the process governing the exchange rate dynamics. This distribution performs rather well and is found to be important for the estimation of the persistence of volatility shocks. Introducing a time-varying jump probability associated to central bank interventions, we find that the central bank interventions, conducted in either a coordinated or unilateral way, induce a jump in the process and tend to increase exchange rate volatility.     

Are imports and remittances cointegrated for the Central and Eastern European countries?

In this article, we investigate the existence of long-run common trends between imports and remittances in 11 Central and Eastern European countries which are part of the European Union. Using the Engle–Granger two-step procedure, we determine that for all countries in our sample there are no long-run common trends (no cointegration) between imports and remittances. However, the results are mixed when running a Granger causality test. For nine countries, we can establish either a bidirectional or unidirectional Granger causality, indicating that past values of one variable have predictive content on the other variable. In two countries, there is no Granger causality between imports and remittances.