纵向财政失衡、FDI竞争与医疗卫生服务供给水平——兼论标尺竞争机制下地区间的策略性行为北大核心CSSCI

关于医疗卫生服务供给不足的原因一直是社会各界高度关注的重点话题,现行的财政分权制度常被认为是最主要的原因。本文尝试将表征现行财政分权制度特征的三个要素,即纵向财政失衡、地区FDI竞争和地区间竞争模仿的策略性行为,与医疗卫生服务供给水平纳入同一分析框架,在对其理论机制分析的基础上,利用2007-2018年277个地级及以上城市面板数据,实证考察它们之间的关系特征及机制路径。研究发现,纵向财政失衡与地区FDI竞争对医疗卫生服务供给水平均存在显著的抑制作用,同时,地区FDI竞争对纵向财政失衡的负向抑制作用具有正向调节效应。进一步分析发现,地方政府间的标尺竞争使其在医疗卫生服务供给行为上表现出明显的策略模仿,医疗卫生服务供给水平呈明显的空间溢出效应。异质性分析发现,发达地区医疗卫生服务供给水平受抑制的主因是FDI竞争所致,欠发达地区则主要缘于纵向财政失衡的显著影响。机制分析发现,纵向财政失衡通过作用于财政支出结构与医疗卫生支出效率两种方式实现对医疗卫生服务供给水平的抑制,而FDI竞争则主要是通过扭曲财政支出结构的方式实现其抑制作用。本文的研究丰富了医疗卫生服务供给不足制度性成因探寻的文献,对于如何全面推进新一轮财税体制改革、深化医疗卫生体制改革、优化政绩考核指标等具有借鉴意义。     

建设抚—哈合作开发区的设想

抚远县和一江之隔的哈巴罗夫斯克市及其周围地区,以其优越的地缘优势、资源优势和互补性,具有发展双边(多边)经济技术合作的广阔前景。建设抚哈合作开发区,不仅有利于振兴当地经济,而且可作为参与东北亚国际分工与合作的窗口,通过外参内联,实现由边疆到内地,由双边到多边的多种形式的经贸合作,带动和促进两国内地经济的发展。     

汇金公司增持四大国有商业银行对A股市场的影响——基于市场数据的比较分析

汇金公司作为国有重点金融企业出资人,在证券市场极度低迷时增持四大国有商业银行股份有利于维护市场信心,稳定国内金融形势。通过事件分析法对汇金公司增持公告前后上证指数收益率进行分析,结果表明增持短期提升了上证指数累积非正常收益率,但A股市场对增持的反应程度依次递减。此外,采用邹至庄突变点检验结果表明增持公告短期对上证指数造成了明显冲击,成为市场收益的一个突变点,但并不能影响股市中长期的趋势。由于汇金公司持股比例已经非常高,进一步增持空间有限,因此未来稳定A股市场的手段应该更加多样化,不能仅靠单一的增持。     

Introduction to symposium: Smallholders in communist and postcommunist societies

The primary contributions of smallholders during the communist and early postcommunist periods have been food production and labour for large farms. Those conditions are changing, however, as modern farms require less labour and food supply may be imported. For most smallholders in Central and Eastern European and former Soviet Union countries, the postcommunist neoliberal environment has not brought significant improvement, and strong arguments can be made that land grabbing, social and economic exclusion, and rural poverty are worse than regime bias during the communist period. Cooperatives, which have empowered smallholders in other parts of the world, have not been as well developed in postcommunist nations.     

Seasonal concentration of tourism demand: Decomposition analysis and marketing implications

This paper analyzes seasonality in the United Kingdom, specifically the English regions in relation to tourists' place of origin and main travel motivation. The method used is a decomposition of the Gini index, which provides relative marginal effects that facilitate the identification of market segments open to counter-seasonal marketing efforts. This method has been combined with a graphical multivariate technique (biplot), which groups segments according to their seasonality characteristics. Seasonal patterns associated with particular segments differ significantly when studied on a disaggregated basis. Therefore, an adequate level of disaggregation is essential in the design of counter-seasonal strategies. Although this study focuses on British destinations, this methodology could be used as a control and monitoring measure in the regional analysis of any destination, facilitating regular adjustment of regional tourism marketing campaigns to minimize seasonality effects, specifically by targeting the types of tourists less prone to seasonality.     

Tourism trails as tools for cross-border integration: A best practice case study of the Vennbahn cycling route

This paper evaluates which processes determine the leverage of cycling tourism trails for mainstreaming cross-border contact and ‘soft’ region-building. Reflecting on the Vennbahn between Germany, Belgium and Luxemburg, the paper shows that the influence of routes on cross-border integration depends on the trail’s strength as a tourism product, its cross-border institutionalization, and the geography and scale of the trail and the involved destinations. Tourism trails could contribute to cross-border integration, vindicating the substantial money spent on such projects in INTERREG programmes. However, border-related barriers remain robust even for tourism projects that are best practices of cross-border cooperation. As such, there is an unfulfilled potential of tourism trails in their contribution to cross-border communication and social cohesion in many European borderlands.     

统筹新疆区域经济协调发展的战略决策——选择适当时机实施南疆大开发战略

在新疆要落实科学发展观，就必须统筹区域协调发展。这是实践科学发展观的重要方面，是促进新疆国民经济持续快速健康发展和社会全面进步，实现全面建设小康社会目标的重要途径。本文在阐述新疆区域发展战略演变的基础上，分析了新疆区域经济发展战略调整的必要性，指出统筹新疆区域发展必须处理好五大关系，最后提出统筹新疆区域协调发展的战略决策——实施南疆大开发战略。     

基于变异系数和锡尔指数的中国区域经济差异分析

本文从中国三大经济区的划分入手,选取人均GDP作为测评指标,用变异系数和锡尔指数对1978~2008年的区域差异水平进行定量测度。结果表明:①全国范围内区域经济绝对差异不断拉大,相对差异有所缩小;②东部与中西部差异十分明显,而中西部之间差异不甚明显;③东部地区内部差异呈不断缩小趋势,中部呈波动中下降趋势,西部处于波动中,但总体变化不大。对造成该现象的原因作简要分析,认为主要原因有区域环境、要素投入、制度性因素。     

中国农村绿色化发展效率收敛了吗——基于1997-2017年的实证分析

本文基于中国1997-2017年31个省份的面板数据,借助DPSIR-SBM框架,测算并分析中国农村绿色化发展效率的地区差异及其收敛性.研究表明,中国农村绿色化发展效率总体呈波动上升趋势,同时存在一定的省际差异;经济发达地区农村绿色化发展效率高于经济欠发达地区,沿海地区农村绿色化发展效率高于内陆地区;全国及东、中、西部...     

基于空间自相关的滇中城市群县域经济发展研究

针对县域经济研究方法较为单一,基于滇中城市群2003—2012年县域人均GDP数据,采用结合时空尺度的全局和局部空间自相关研究方法,对于县域经济发展时空特征进行分析和评价。分析结果表明,滇中城市群县域经济在全局和局部空间上都表现为较强的正相关性质,县域经济在时空上的联系日益密切,但中心城市的经济集聚和扩散辐射效应较弱,经济欠发达的县域单元数量仍比较多。该方法能够为滇中城市群县域经济发展战略制定提供参考,并提出合理的对策和建议。