供应链网络的鲁棒性探微

供应链网络具有复杂性、动态性、开放性和网络型的特征。由于内部不确定性和外部不确定性的存在,供应链存在相当风险。为了减轻风险企业和供应链越来越倾向运用鲁棒性的方法来经营企业和供应链。供应链鲁棒性管理主要分为鲁棒供应管理、需求管理、产品管理和信息管理。供应链鲁棒性运作管理在解决供应链不稳定问题中发挥了至关重要的作用,使供应链网络不确定性问题得到解决,也使供应链网络中的企业能够优势互补、规避风险,使企业能够协同实现产业内的合作与发展。     

期限错配如何影响商业银行的稳健性——基于商业银行微观数据的实证分析

本文从理论层面梳理了我国商业银行期限错配与经营稳健性之间的内在传导机制。在此基础上,以2011—2018年间我国202家商业银行的非平衡面板数据为样本,实证分析了期限错配对银行稳健性的影响,并按照银行性质不同进行了异质性研究。研究发现:(1)期限错配显著弱化了银行经营的稳健性;(2)将影响程度进行分样本比较,全国性股份制银行高于城市商业银行,大型国有商业银行和农村商业银行结果不显著;(3)进一步分析期限错配影响银行稳健性的传导渠道,发现流动性风险在两者之间具有显著的中介效应,在样本分类比较中,全国性股份制银行流动性风险的相对贡献为10.3%,低于城市商业银行的22.6%,说明相较于城市商业银行,全国性股份制银行的融资渠道多、融资能力强,因而流动性风险对其稳健性的影响有限。     

从精准扶贫走向跨区域联合开发——基于我国深度贫困县分类研究基础上的扶贫战略升级建议

我国扶贫工作经历了漫长的艰苦奋战,尤其2015年以来,精准扶贫力度空前加大、成效显著,终于在2020年末,我国脱贫攻坚取得胜利、彻底消除绝对贫困.然而,从贫困县尤其深度贫困县情况看,由于贫困区自身条件较为恶劣而且连片贫困区域较多,许多区域虽如期脱贫、消除了“绝对贫困”,仍无法短期内根除“相对贫困”.笔者在对全国334个深度贫困县分类研究和实地考察基础上,拓展精准扶贫思路,从贫困连片区、跨县角度研究,提出了跨区域联合开发的扶贫战略升级建议.     

与发展中国家的贸易是否扩大了美国的相对工资差距

对外贸易不仅直接影响着相对工资差距,还通过技术创新效应间接影响着相对工资差距。本文运用美国制造业1997-2006年的面板数据,实证分析了美国与发展中国家的贸易对美国制造业相对工资差距的影响。研究结论是:来自发展中国家劳动密集型产品的进口竞争没有扩大美国制造业所有行业的相对工资差距,美国劳动密集制造部门相对工资差距的扩大与来自发展中国家的进口竞争有一定的关联,但技术密集制造部门相对工资差距的扩大与其无关;美国对发展中国家的出口贸易以及国内的技术创新在很大程度上扩大了美国制造业的相对工资差距。     

Positional income concerns and personality: evidence from Germany

Positional income concerns (PIC) strongly influence economic behaviour and life outcomes. However, very little is known about the underlying heterogeneity regarding their importance across individuals on the one hand and across different reference groups on the other. Our analysis builds on representative survey data reporting PIC vis-à-vis seven reference groups, allowing us to identify marked heterogeneity both between and within subjects. We present evidence about who (in terms of personality) compares to whom (in terms of reference group).     

An evaluation of the equilibrium value of the euro,its predecessors and their constituent currencies based on economic fundamentals

This study presents constructed equilibrium exchange rates (EERs) of the euro and its predecessors the European Unit of Account and the European Currency Unit, as well as the euro’s member states using a relative version of purchasing power parity (PPP) equilibrium. The revealed patterns of over- and undervaluation demonstrate how well suited the northern member states, in contrast to the southern states, were for the monetary union. Moreover, a relative persistent overvaluation for Greece and Portugal suggests that their ambition to join the euro reduced their competitiveness. The constructed EERs of the euro suggest the European Commission was able to set the initial value of the euro with a high degree of accuracy. Furthermore, the EERs indicate a successive strengthening of the fundamental value of the euro versus the U.S. dollar from 1999 to 2015. The analysis shows a close correlation between the deviations from equilibrium and the events of Greece’s sovereign debt crisis. In addition, the presented graphs show strong support for the PPP hypothesis. The results are robust to different constructed EERs and offer a guide to international market participants interested in the general equilibrium path of the euro and its predecessors.     

Testing whetherF is more IFR thanG

A distributionF is said to be “more IFR” than another distributionG ifG ⁻¹ F is convex. WhenF(0) =G(0) = 0, the problem of testingH ₀ :F(x) =G (θx) for someθ > 0 andx ⩾ 0, against the alternativeH _A:F is more IFR thanG, is considered in this paper. Both cases, whenG is completely specified (one-sample case) and when it is not specified but a random sample form it is available (two-sample case) are considered. The proposed tests are based onU-statistics. The asymptotic relative efficiency of the tests are compared with several other tests and the test statistics remain asymptotically normal under certain dependency assumptions. Research supported in part by a grant from the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research.     

Values Do Follow a Simple Rule!

Contrary to what is often suggested, values do follow a very simple rule as the rate of profit r varies, provided only that the system is square. None of single production, semi-positive vertically integrated input coefficients, or regularity à la Schefold needs to be assumed. Furthermore, that very simple rule is followed for all finite values of r and can be expressed solely in terms of the powers of r. Moreover, when the requisite numéraire is employed, the wage

profit frontier takes a simple form; conversely, when the frontier takes that form, one knows that the requisite numéraire is being used, even without knowing what it is.