构建城市科学学科体系的思考——写在《城市发展研究》创刊百期之际

马克思主义哲学是人类实践(包括建筑实践)的最高概括。它通过建筑哲学作为桥梁来指导建筑科学实践。作为11个科学技术大部门的建筑科学也分成三个层次,即基础科学、技术科学和工程技术。建筑科学的前科学是未纳入建筑科学的不成文的建筑实践感受和建筑实践经验知识库和建筑哲学思维。     

Considering Resistance and Incorporation

For a century, commercialism and commodification have been criticized for controlling the minds and behavior of the mass of people through leisure, consumption and popular culture. The criticism presumes great power on the part of commercial institutions. Early cultural studies offered a more complex model that allowed for resistance to such domination, but also for co-optation (i.e., incorporation) of such resistance. For more than a decade however, scholars pursued research on resistance, and neglected to examine incorporation. This article argues for a differentiated concept of resistance, for reintroducing the concept of incorporation in resistance studies and, most important, focusing research on the relationship between resistance and incorporation, to understand how they operate in tandem in today's consumer society.     

Corporate Narratives of Information Society: Making Up the Mobile Consumer Subject

The purpose of the article is to study how corporate actors participate in the cultural construction of the Information Society. By means of a case study, the article explores how a multinational corporation is involved in forming consumer identities—making up the subjects of consumption—by shaping the interpretive repertoires and cultural practices that are available for consumers as members of the emerging information society. The article elaborates on the ways in which the corporation invokes a discourse of shareholder value in its visionary strategic narrative entitled Mobile Information Society, and how this discourse operates to mobilize consumer conduct in particular ways, by making up, framing and formatting the consumer as a mobile subject of the global economy. The article’s aim is to contribute to the empirical bases of policy debates about the roles and responsibilities of different market actors in the production of the information society.     

知识溢出:对研究脉络的基本回顾

自20世纪60年代以来知识溢出问题获得了大量研究,其研究成果主要来自经济学和区域与城市研究特别是经济地理学,本文对这两个学科在知识溢出方面的主要研究脉络进行了梳理,描述了经济学观察单元从企业转向空间的必然性,以及区域和城市研究对知识溢出问题研究的主要方面。     

Technical education in Scotland: Fit for purpose?

As Technical education strains to find a niche in the educational market place, are teachers suffering from a crisis of confidence? How comfortable are they with the ever-changing curriculum, with the subjects they are teaching and the reasons why they are teaching them? The broadening of the Technical curriculum in secondary schools to include Practical Craft Skills has proved popular with some teachers, while others perceive a drift back to a purely skills based curriculum along with a further deterioration of the status of Technical departments. This paper explores the present state of Technical Education in Scotland through the analysis of an online survey of 95 practising teachers and an investigation of employers’ entrance requirements for apprenticeships in the engineering and construction industries. The results indicate a degree of conflict among staff regarding the role of Technical education, coupled with limited recognition for Technical subjects among employers.     

王国维——20世纪国学新路之引领人

追溯自20世纪初章太炎以来,国学兴替之成败得失的历史,从近现代学术文化变迁大势中,实事求是地论述了王国维作为一个"研究国学的人物"的学术实践,从内容到方法都有别于一般"旧式学者";并以其令人折服的学术成就,显示了他是当之无愧的中国新史学的开山,更是20世纪国学新路之引领人。     

The empirics of trade and growth: where are the policy recommendations?

Existing literature repeatedly documented a strong correlation between trade and growth. It has also shown a causal effect of imports (though not necessarily exports) on growth in simultaneous equation models but to a lesser extent in Granger-causality tests. Export and import taxes have sometimes been found to negatively affect growth. Drawing policy conclusions from these general findings for a particular country is difficult not only because of the contradictory results but also because of potential second best world effects and the implied endogeneity of trade policy. Policy recommendations for a specific country require a careful analysis of market and institutional arrangements and can not be based on the existing cross-country literature.This project started while both authors were working at the World Bank. Views expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank or the institutions they are currently affiliated with. We would like to thank Lucas Bretschger, Shanta Deverajan, Marion Jansen, Marcelo Olarreaga, Howard Pack, Karen Pittel and Paul Welfens for helpful discussions and comments. We are especially indebted to Simon Evenett for very detailed and constructive comments.     

旅游与接待业研究:中国与国外的比较--兼论中国旅游学科的成熟度

本文主要探讨了中国旅游研究与国外旅游研究所存在的差距。根据作者利用网络资源所做的调查，本文得出了这样的结论：与国外同行的研究水平相比，中国的旅游研究还存在一定的差距。表现在：学术期刊以及研究文献的数量都远不及英语国家；中国的旅游学术界往往追逐由各级政府部门所引导的热门话题而进行研究；在学术研究上由于缺乏充分的跟进研究，使有价值的学术积累非常单薄；中国的旅游学还很难成为一个独立的学科。作者通过实证分析的方法对上述命题进行了探讨。     

The family meal as an ideal: Children’s perceptions of foodwork and commensality in everyday life and feasts

The present article concerns meals from the point of view of children, focusing on structural and sociocultural aspects of meals in a Western context in general, and Sweden in particular. The aim was to study children's perceptions of meals with regard to what, where and with whom meals are eaten and how meals are made. The method used was an internet‐based, ethnological questionnaire, which is a qualitative method in which participants share their experiences and values regarding a certain topic of interest in writing. A hundred and twelve Swedish children were included. The children almost exclusively chose to write about family meals. These meals were described as well‐structured and organized, and were often portrayed in an idealized way, with family members sharing proper meals at home, spending an enjoyable time together with a nice atmosphere and good conversation. The children made a distinction between everyday meals and festive meals, where the main differences were that festive meals were more prone to include extended family and friends besides the nuclear family, and were described in a more exceptional way with regard to what is served and mealtime conditions. The article concludes that the family meal functioned as a way to construct the family and as a site where children acquire norms and values about meals and family identity, but they did so in an active way, by breaking rules and by challenging norms, thereby also contributing to change. The changing nature of the family meal was also seen in an extended proper meal and the commensal aspects surrounding mealtime, as commensality included both commensal eating and commensal foodwork.     

The Move to the Middle: Convergence of the Open‐Source and Proprietary Software Industries

In this paper we focus on open‐source software within the broader framework of the software industry. More specifically, we compare proprietary and open‐source software (OSS) companies in terms of three criteria: (a) approaches to the production of software; (b) business models; and (c) strategic interactions. We postulate three convergence hypotheses. First, there is evidence of convergence in production approaches: leading OSS firms tend to rely on R&D and acquisitions as intensely as leading proprietary companies do. Second, there is evidence of convergence in business models: through dual‐licensing models, top OSS firms derive substantial portions of their revenues from licenses, just as many proprietary companies do. Third, there is evidence of convergence in strategic interactions: the competitive strategies that a company follows do not really hinge on the ‘proprietary versus open‐source’ dichotomy, but on whether a firm feels threatened in the software layer where its core assets are located. This evidence of convergence raises a number of interesting questions for economic theory and for the analysis of the industry’s future evolution.