建造合同新准则应用研究

建造合同,是指为建造一项或数项在设计、技术、功能、最终用途等方面密切相关的资产而订立的合同。2006年2月财政部发布了新的《企业会计准则》,实现了与国际会计准则的趋同。其中第15号准则——建造合同,对建造合同的确认、计量和相关信息的披露进行了规范,对施工企业的管理与职业判断提出了更高要求。本文通过对比新旧建造合同准则以及旧的施工企业会计制度,分析了施工企业在执行新建造合同过程中遇到的重难点问题,对其解决途径进行了探讨。     

Value of information analysis in healthcare: a review of principles and applications

Background:

Economic evaluations are increasingly utilized to inform decisions in healthcare; however, decisions remain uncertain when they are not based on adequate evidence. Value of information (VOI) analysis has been proposed as a systematic approach to measure decision uncertainty and assess whether there is sufficient evidence to support new technologies.

Scope:

The objective of this paper is to review the principles and applications of VOI analysis in healthcare. Relevant databases were systematically searched to identify VOI articles. The findings from the selected articles were summarized and narratively presented.

Findings:

Various VOI methods have been developed and applied to inform decision-making, optimally designing research studies and setting research priorities. However, the application of this approach in healthcare remains limited due to technical and policy challenges.

Conclusion:

There is a need to create more awareness about VOI analysis, simplify its current methods, and align them with the needs of decision-making organizations.     

The methodology combination of a national foresight process in Germany

In September 2007, the Federal German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) launched a new foresight process which aimed at four specific targets. To achieve them, a tailor-made combination of methods was applied. This paper focuses on the concept design of the process and explains one of the methods — the future online survey — in more detail.The German Foresight Process of the BMBF delivers results on different levels: broader future fields as well as single future topics. Both kinds are relevant and selected according to a set of criteria. Some of the results of this foresight process will be directly integrated into national policy activities, others are just more indirectly filtered into the innovation system of the specific sectors in the country. The future fields are all cross-cutting issues based on science and technology. All of them are specifically knowledge dynamic fields.     

A research agenda for improving national Ecological Footprint accounts

Nation-level Ecological Footprint accounts are currently produced for more than 150 nations, with multiple calculations available for some nations. The data sets that result from these national assessments typically serve as the basis for Footprint calculations at smaller scales, including those for regions, cities, businesses, and individuals. Global Footprint Network's National Footprint Accounts, supported and used by more than 70 major organizations worldwide, contain the most widely used national accounting methodology today. The National Footprint Accounts calculations are undergoing continuous improvement as better data becomes available and new methodologies are developed. In this paper, a community of active Ecological Footprint practitioners and users propose key research priorities for improving national Ecological Footprint accounting. For each of the proposed improvements, we briefly review relevant literature, summarize the current state of debate, and suggest approaches for further development. The research agenda will serve as a reference for a large scale, international research program devoted to furthering the development of national Ecological Footprint accounting methodology.     

中国当代城市经济理论研究的沿革与发展

城市经济是国民经济的重要领域,对城市经济理论的研究,中国当代学者始终没有停下脚步,尤其是改革开放以来,开展了精彩而深刻的探索,取得了大量的成果。本文旨在梳理、揭示和反映中国当代城市经济理论研究的波澜壮阔的历程。     

学校领导班子和谐建设的探析

在学校领导班子中,正职是学校的“一把手”,是把方向,管全局的。副职是正职的“左膀右臂”,是正职的参谋和助手。如何正确处理学校正职与副职之间的关系,对于领导班子的和谐建设、提高领导集体的战斗力、带领全体教职工出色完成各项工作任务具有十分重要的作用。     

现代会计学研究新思维：科学发展观

本文认为,科学发展观体现了马克思主义的唯物史观、矛盾观和发展观等重要哲学内涵。以科学发展观为指导的现代会计学研究要坚持以人为本、全面、协调和可持续发展的观点。     

基于DEA的科研机构科技资源配置效率评价

将DEA（数据包络分析）应用于科研机构的科技资源配置效率评价,建立了评价指标体系。以上海市人文社会科学科研机构为例,对该方法的应用进行了实证研究。用C2R模型和C2GS2模型分别对上海市社会人文科学类科研机构科技资源配置的综合效率和技术效率进行了评价,得出如下结论：大部分社会人文科学科研机构的科技资源配置效率总体水平较高,个别机构配置效率低下;绝大多数社会人文科学科研机构科技资源配置为技术有效,规模是造成科技资源配置非DEA有效的主要原因;科技投入不足问题值得引起重视。     

R&D,public innovation policy,and productivity: The case of danish manufacturing

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between private R&D, public innovation support transferred to the private sector, and productivity in Danish manufacturing. Two main conclusions are established. First, public innovation support has a positive and significant effect on private R&D expenditures with an estimated elasticity of 0.062. Second, the indirect effect on productivity from public innovation support is reflected in a positive point estimate which is found to be robust to different specifications of R&D capital.     

R&D Activities In a Peripheral Region: an Empirical Study with Special Reference to the North East Region of the UK

This study examines the incidence of research and development (R&D) activities, type of R&D undertaken and the incidence of R&D co-operation among manufacturing firms located in a key urban area of the North East England, a peripheral region of the UK. We have found that over 62% of manufacturing firms in this urban growth area to be R&D active, suggesting that R&D active firms tend to be concentrated in urban area s in a peripheral region, as it is the case in the leading regions. However, the incidence of R&D co-operation was found to be relatively low among R&D active firms. It is also found that the key determinants of undertaking R&D to be the existence of a core competence/product and exporting activities. These findings might be of interest to policy makers promoting economic growth via firm’s R&D activities.