企业研发投入、资源特征与创新绩效关系研究

基于资源基础观,探讨了企业“资源池”中财务资源特征与技术资源特征如何与研发投入行为匹配以提升创新绩效,以创业板355家企业为样本开展泊松回归分析,研究发现：R&D投入与创新绩效存在倒U型关系;财务资源特征——资产流动性对R&D投入与创新绩效存在正向调节作用,起着“加速剂”作用;由于组织技术路径依赖,技术资源特征——技术积累程度对R&D投入与创新绩效存在负向调节作用,起着“缓冲剂”作用;资产流动性与技术积累程度提高会促进研发投入与创新绩效关系的阈值提高,促进更多研发投入有效转化。探讨了企业研发投入行为与资源特征的匹配,可为促进创新绩效提升提供理论支撑。     

区域生态环境建设补偿问题的初步探讨

区域生态环境建设的补偿问题，即如何对那些生态环境建设的直接效应的受损者与受益者之间进行公平性调控，亦即受益者对受损者如何进行补偿的问题，可以有多种不同的研究角度。其中之一为地理学理论视界。本文运用地理学的研究核心“人地关系地域系统”的思想分析了区域生态环境的补偿问题，得出了生态环境的建设地域应该得到多元补偿和应该以生态环境建设产业或企业为主体来运作多元补偿的资本的结论。     

市场准入规制与资源的优化配置

本文讨论了政府通过市场准入规制来调节市场结构,优化市场主体资源配置的问题。提出通过选择适当的门槛,政府可以促使企业更加理性地进行市场进入决策,保持市场适度的竞争,提高社会资源的综合利用效率。     

Preventing HIV in injection drug users: exploring the tradeoffs between interventions

Injection drug users (IDUs) transmit the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) via both needle sharing and sex. Available interventions for this population have varying costs and effectiveness and focus on different risk behaviors. In this analysis, we look at two interventions. One is inexpensive, broad-based and provides modest risk reductions (street outreach (SO)); the other is narrowly focused, expensive and relatively effective (methadone maintenance). This analysis explores the effects of population risk behavior, intervention effectiveness, intervention costs, and decision constraints when allocating funds between these two interventions to maximize effectiveness. We develop a model of the spread of HIV, dividing IDUs into susceptibles (uninfected) and infectives, and separately portraying sex and injection risk. We simulate the epidemic in New York City for time periods from the mid-1980s to the early 1990s, and incorporate the behavioral effects of two interventions performed singly or in combination to find the allocation that maximizes the number of infections averted in the IDUs and their noninjecting sex partners, assuming interventions have increasing marginal costs. We find that the optimal allocation nearly always involves spending the maximum allowable amount on SO. This result is largely insensitive to variations in risk parameters, intervention efficacy, or cost. The model's structure, however, makes clear that many factors contribute to this insensitivity, namely the scope of the interventions, the dual drug/sex nature of HIV risk in the population, the asymmetry of sexual risk for men and women, and the potential benefits to nonIDUs.     

Optimal law enforcement when victims are rational players

The economic analysis of crime usually views a victim as a passive party whose role is limited to suffering harm. In this paper, we extend the economic theory of law enforcement by modeling victims as an active party in criminal deterrence. First, they may take some precautions to avoid victimization. Second, they may or may not report their victimization. The lack of reporting weakens law enforcement and criminal deterrence by reducing detection rates. This suggests that victims could be encouraged to report by being paid a compensation. Nevertheless, compensating victims certainly reduces precaution. We argue that such effect never offsets the gains obtained in terms of criminal detection and apprehension. Received: December 1998 / Accepted: January 2000     

积极开发海洋资源 建设海洋经济强国

海洋是全球生命支持系统的重要组成部分，是人类社会可持续发展的宝贵财富，也是实现国家政治、经济和军事战略的重要舞台。我国是世界上人口最多的沿海国家，也是海洋大国之一，中华民族的可持续发展与兴盛必然越来越多地依赖海洋。开发海洋资源、发展海洋经济、建设海洋经济强国是一项具有战略意义的历史任务。我国具有开发利用海洋的优越条件和战略性需要，应该把海洋开发作为跨世纪治国兴邦的国家发展战略。我国具有方便地进入海洋的区位优势和环境条件，应该成为亲海民族，陆地人均自然资源占有量少，客观上需要把海洋作为后备资源基地，世界历史经验证明，疏远海洋的民族必然落后。积极开发海洋资源，制定蓝色工程计划，发展海洋产业群；开发蓝色国主，建设海洋经济带，用20～30年时间把我国建成海洋经济强国。本文纵横论证了建设海洋经济强国的标准、条件、指导方针和目标、主要任务以及保障措施等，提出了加强海洋意识教育、实施科教兴海战略、建立海洋综合管理体制、实行“依法治海”、建立海洋综合管理的财政保证机制、加强海洋公用基础设施建设、提高公益性服务能力和加强国际合诈等多项具体建议措施，多元化推动我国的海洋经济强国建设。     

The Value of CEO Mobility: Contextual Factors That Shape the Impact of Prior CEO Experience on Market Performance and CEO Compensation

This study examines the value that prior CEO experience has for the companies that hire such CEOs—as reflected in the firms’ subsequent market‐based performance—as well as its value for the CEO that possesses this experience—as reflected in his or her initial compensation. While we suggest that shareholders tend not to benefit from firms hiring experienced CEOs, we also argue that particular firm and industry contextual factors that shaped the prior CEO experience help ameliorate this detrimental effect. Regardless, we also suggest that prior CEO experience generally stands to benefit the CEOs, in that it brings them a compensation premium over those CEOs without such prior experience. We tested our hypotheses on a sample of 654 US CEO succession events that occurred between 2001 and 2004 and found broad support for our hypotheses. We close with a discussion of the implications of our findings for future research as well as what they mean for firms hiring experienced CEOs and for CEO careers more generally. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Do companies compare employees’ salaries? Evidence from stated-owned enterprise group

The mechanism by which enterprises set salaries is vitally important to employees and is especially relevant to the reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This paper investigates the effect of comparing employee compensation based on a sample of A-share SOE groups from 2008 to 2018. We find that when employee compensation at one company sharply increases, the employee compensation of other companies controlled by the same group will increase sharply in the following year. Further analysis shows that when employees’ sense of unfair compensation is stronger, when employees are less replaceable and when enterprises’ ability to pay is stronger, the effect of employee pay comparison is stronger. Increased employee salary does not improve enterprise performance, however, suggesting that such salary adjustment is ineffective. This paper expands the research on employee compensation and provides useful insights for optimizing the design of compensation contracts and promoting compensation reform in SOEs.     

中国海洋科技资源配置研究

基于中国海洋科技资源配置现状,提出了当前存在的两个关键学术问题。探讨了“海洋科技梯度”的内涵定义,构建了基于涉海城市的“海洋科技梯度系数测度改进模型”;搜集整理了2001—2014年海洋科研机构的科技统计数据,在海洋科技创新效率测度的基础上,测算了全国涉海城市的海洋科技梯度,深入分析了我国海洋科技资源配置的总体规律。研究表明：我国海洋科技资源配置在区域空间上呈现“东高北高、南低中西低”布局,以行政为导向呈现出北上广的强势崛起,以政策为导向呈现出深圳、南宁、沈阳、济南等的后发优势。最后,讨论了当前海洋科技资源配置的形成原因,并提出了对策建议。     

基于创业投资视角的创业企业家资源禀赋模糊综合评价

创业企业家的资源禀赋是影响创业企业绩效的重要因素,是进行创业投资决策的关键依据。基于创业投资视角,从心理资本、人力资本与社会资本3个方面构建了创业企业家资源禀赋评价指标体系,并选择模糊综合评价法对创业企业家的资源禀赋进行了评价,将定性评价转为定量评价,为创业投资决策提供了重要参考。