民营企业“贸工技”路径的价值创造能力演化研究

“贸工技”是民营企业的重要发展路径,企业价值创造能力由组分能力、结构能力和动态能力三维构成。民营企业的“贸工技”路径分为初始、代理、贸工和贸工技四个阶段,在四阶段塑造的组织管理过程中,价值创造能力始终围绕阶段目标构建,通过组分能力、结构能力和动态能力的迁移,依次突破方向瓶颈、生产瓶颈和研发瓶颈,使企业避免由于发展循环减慢而进入衰退期,以短期竞争优势的不断更新获得持续发展。     

中国贫困的多维测度

本文认为,用单一的收入标准来了解贫困会低估个体真实的贫困状况,很难全面反映个体贫困的复杂性、脆弱性和持久性。本文基于Sen的能力方法,使用中国健康营养调查数据,利用模糊集方法测度中国的多维贫困状况。结论显示,相对于收入贫困,个体的教育、健康和医疗保险等贫困状况更为严重;多维贫困关于测度方法、权重较敏感,等权重下的AF多维贫困被其它方法与权重下的多维贫困严格占优,而在Betti＆Verma权重下的AF多维贫困中,则住房、卫生设施和健康对多维贫困的贡献更大;多维贫困在西部、农村及女性中依然更严重。     

产业升级中的本土市场规模效应

在产业升级过程中,本土市场的互动效应、市场规模的诱致效应与本土规模市场的终端需求效应能对其产生重要影响。这种影响集中体现为互动效应能够引导产业升级的需求发现,需求发现通过市场规模的相互催化为产业升级提供运营支持,终端需求效应通过参与式合作有助于发展产业升级所需的技术能力。我国市场规模巨大,产业升级应充分利用本土市场规模效应。这就需要建立正确的市场激励机制、加快本土市场发展,鼓励本土企业根植于国内经济的创新,推动本土企业与外来资本联合研发等。     

技术集成下模块化产品创新实现路径研究

为探究本土企业如何实现模块化产品创新并借以突破“低端锁定”，以190家本土企业数据为样本，运用多元回归方法，分析技术集成能力对模块化产品创新的影响以及利用式学习、探索式学习、模块可降解性的调节效应。实证结果表明，技术集成能力对不同层次模块化产品创新即模块创新和架构创新都有显著直接影响；探索式学习在技术集成能力对两类模块化产品创新的影响路径中均存在显著正向调节作用；利用式学习在技术集成能力对模块创新的影响路径中存在显著正向调节作用，但是对架构创新的影响有限；模块可降解性在企业技术集成能力与两类产品创新中均存在显著正向调节作用。     

Regulating for corporate human rights abuses: The emergence of corporate reporting on the ILO's human rights standards within the global garment manufacturing and retail industry

Despite the ubiquitous nature of the discourse on human rights there is currently little research on the emergence of disclosure by multinational corporations on their human rights obligations or the regulatory dynamic that may lie behind this trend. In an attempt to begin to explore the extent to which, if any, the language of human rights has entered the discourse of corporate accountability, this paper investigates the adoption of the International Labour Organisation's (ILO) human rights standards by major multinational garment retail companies that source products from developing countries, as disclosed through their reporting media. The paper has three objectives. Firstly, to empirically explore the extent to which a group of multinational garment retailers invoke the language of human rights when disclosing their corporate responsibilities. The paper reviews corporate reporting media including social responsibility codes of conduct, annual reports and stand-alone social responsibility reports released by 18 major global clothing and retail companies during a period from 1990 to 2007. We find that the number of companies adopting and disclosing on the ILO's workplace human rights standards has significantly increased since 1998 – the year in which the ILO's standards were endorsed and accepted by the global community (ILO, 1998). Secondly, drawing on a combination of Responsive Regulation theory and neo-institutional theory, we tentatively seek to understand the regulatory space that may have influenced these large corporations to adopt the language of human rights obligations. In particular, we study the role that International Governmental Organisation's (IGO) such as ILO may have played in these disclosures. Finally, we provide some critical reflections on the power and potential within the corporate adoption of the language of human rights.     

企业战略能力对营销绩效影响的研究——基于新疆G公司的案例

本文在剖析企业战略能力内涵的基础上,探索企业战略能力对企业营销绩效的影响机理。通过理论分析将企业战略能力划分为动态能力和市场导向两个维度,提出企业战略能力的培育和形成能够在动态能力和市场导向两个方面引导企业选择适合其发展的品牌营销策略,从而提升企业营销绩效,在此基础上,借助新疆G公司案例进行实证分析,使其理论结论得到验证。     

The concept of freedom and its relation to economic development--a critical appreciation of the work of Amartya Sen

Following a brief review of the conception of freedom as employedin economic discourse, this paper focuses on the evolution ofthe concept of freedom in the work of Amartya Sen. It tracesthe development of Sen's thought from the capability analysisof the late 1970s to his more recent separation of freedom intoits opportunity and process aspects. While broadly appreciativeof Sen's development of the concept of positive freedom, thepaper identifies some difficulties arising from his definitionof capability as a set of options as well as from his separationof the opportunity and process aspects of freedom. Aspects ofthe relationship between Sen's conception of freedom and thatof Marx are discussed briefly in the context of Sen's recentdiscussion of the market as a source of freedom.     

Mapping walkability. A subjective value theory approach

The analysis of urban walkability has been extensively explored in the last decades. Despite this growing attention, there is a lack of studies attentive on how citizens' values, individual abilities and urban environment favour or hinder the propensity to walk. Hence, there is a need to explore how preferences and values of citizens vary in space in order to design walkability policies able to improve the capability set of citizens. In this perspective, the design of spatial decision tools aimed to plann public policies for the development of walkable cities needs further investigation. We propose a Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) method aimed to elaborate walkability decision maps for different groups of citizens that reflect their capability to walk in the urban environment. We tested the method in the city of Alghero (Italy). First, we analysed walkability under a normative model named CAWS; then we made a survey with 358 participants in order to study the driving values that influence their choice to walk and finalised to build an evaluation model attentive to individual differences. Cluster analysis was employed to group citizens into 11 groups based on their sociodemographic characteristics and preferences on spatial criteria of walkability. Finally, by integrating GIS with MCDA we built a set of decision maps representative of the walkability of the 11 groups of citizens. Results highlight the importance of citizens’ values for policy design, allow the interpersonal comparison among individuals and group preferences and give new suggestions for the formulation of walkability oriented urban policies. Moreover, the results confirm the usability of the general method as a decision support tool supporting the design of urban policies.     

政府创新偏好与区域创新能力:如愿以偿还是事与愿违?

本文基于中国地方政府不同程度上参与区域创新系统建设的事实特征,以城市作为考察单元,并使用包含专利价值的创新指数反映区域创新能力,在因果分析框架下从财政投入强度和财政支出结构的双重视角系统评估政府创新偏好对区域创新能力的影响效果。研究发现:在中国情境下,政府创新偏好与区域创新能力之间表现出稳健的正向关系,这种正向影响在因果分析框架下仍然成立。异质性分析表明:就政府创新偏好对区域创新能力的作用效果而言,东部和中部区域作用效果比西部区域更为明显;大城市作用效果比中小城市水平略低。随着区域创新能力不断增强,政府创新偏好对增强区域创新能力的重要性不断凸显。最后,本文还证实扩大对外开放水平、促进人力资本积累以及改善制度环境有助于充分释放政府创新偏好的技术创新效应。     

京津冀创新能力预测与影响因素研究

从分析京津冀创新能力系统结构入手,将环境规制强度和产业结构纳入创新系统,采用系统动力学方法,建立京津冀科技创新能力体系仿真模型,以专利授权量为表征对象,探索2025年京津冀科技创新实力,并从创新政策环境和创新资源投入角度,运用情景分析法,模拟不同投入要素或不同要素组合情景下输出变量的变动情况,探讨京津冀创新能力的形成机理,以期为提升京津冀科技创新能力的战略规划提供科学依据。