企业获利能力的风险评估

企业总资产报酬率、资本收益率、销售利润率以及成本费用利润率是评估企业获利能力的重要指标.总资产报酬率大于4%,资本收益率大于8%,销售毛利率大于40%,成本费用利润率大于10%,可以认为企业获利能力比较强,风险比较小.投资者以此作为标准,能够减少投资活动中因企业盈利不足而带来的风险.     

The place of technology in the Capability Approach

Increasing scholarly attention has focussed on how to integrate technology within the Capability Approach (CA), yet without a consistent solution. Some describe technology as a special kind of capability input, but others consider the concept of technology to be fundamentally different from that of an ordinary input. We aim to contribute to the theoretical development of the CA by offering a consistent justification for the explicit inclusion of technology in this framework. We propose that technical objects have a ‘generative’ and a ‘transformative’ dimension through which they enable capabilities directly and affect other inputs in the attainment of valued capabilities. The objects acquire the transformative dimension from the broader technological context, which we propose as a new class of conversion factors. Using the example of mobile phones and their role in healthcare access, we demonstrate that our proposal helps to frame the analysis of the development impact of technology.     

Capability satisficing in high frequency trading

This paper explains the capability theory of how HFT firms make allocation decisions under uncertainty, and shows how capability maximization is precisely consistent with utility theory. The issue, however, is how these firms actually make allocation decisions in practice. Using the Gioia methodology, this paper presents evidence from interviews with HFT professionals and specialist media that suggest that these firms are capability satisficers. Capability theory is also consistent with bounded rationality and the adaptive markets hypothesis, and defines the point at which these firms reach a satisfactory solution. Thus, capability reconciles mainstream theory and the more realistic, behavioral theories based on observation of industry practice. The methodology developed can be applied to any firm that makes algorithmic decisions under uncertainty.     

中国利率期限结构对经济周期波动的预测能力检验——基于动态Probit模型的研究途径

本文对我国利率期限结构对经济周期波动的预测能力进行实证研究.首先,利用时差相关分析方法选择我国经济周期波动的利差先行指标.然后,利用基于利差先行指标的动态Probit模型检验我国利率期限结构对经济周期波动状态的预测能力,并且对静态Probit模型和动态Probit模型、各种动态Probit模型之间的预测效果也进行了比较.研究结果表明,我国利率期限结构变动对未来3个月的经济周期波动状态具有比较稳定的指示作用,利用经济状态先验信息的动态Probit模型的预测效果优于静态Probit模型.     

知识产权保护与发展中国家创新能力提升——来自中国的实证分析

分析知识产权保护对发展中国家的影响,需要考虑知识产权保护对发展中国家自主研发能力的作用,需要以发展中国家创新能力的提升为研究归宿。文章在考虑了发展中国家培育自主创新能力必要性的基础上,分析了发展中国家在开放条件下实施知识产权保护战略时面临的多重困境。对中国的实证研究表明:知识产权保护是影响FDI规模和质量的重要因素;知识产权保护促进了内资企业的创新能力,并通过研发投入的加强提高了国际技术溢出的吸收效果;加强知识产权保护带来更多更高技术含量FDI的正面效应,可以弥补其对技术溢出的抑制效应。     

数字化转型“同群效应”与企业高质量发展——基于制造业上市公司的经验证据

在数字经济时代,数字化转型正成为微观经济主体实现高质量发展的必由之路。以2010-2020年A股制造业上市公司数据为样本,基于同群效应视角,探讨数字化转型与制造企业高质量发展关系。研究发现,数字化转型存在显著的行业同群效应与地区同群效应,且二者通过不同路径推动制造企业高质量发展。其中,数字化转型行业同群效应有利于增强制造企业创新能力,而地区同群效应则会加深制造企业服务化程度。进一步研究发现,行业竞争度和市场化程度分别对数字化转型行业同群效应、地区同群效应与制造企业高质量发展关系产生倒U型调节效应。研究结论对揭示企业数字化转型决策逻辑,厘清不同类别数字种群环境对制造企业高质量发展的影响路径差异,促进制造企业高质量发展提供了经验证据。     

制度落差对跨国技术转移的影响——基于2009—2019年面板数据分析

国家之间制度差异是跨国技术转移的重要影响因素,现有文献缺乏基于制度距离大小和方向对跨国技术转移的探讨。在将制度落差划分为制度逆差和制度顺差的基础上,依据2009—2019年中国技术引进面板数据,探究制度落差对跨国技术转移的影响,并考察技术来源国创新能力在这一影响过程中的调节作用。研究发现,管制逆差和规范逆差对跨国技术转移具有显著促进作用,技术来源国创新能力有助于增强规范逆差对跨国技术转移的促进作用,而对管制逆差影响跨国技术转移的调节作用不显著;管制顺差和规范顺差对跨国技术转移均有显著阻碍作用,且技术来源国创新能力能够削弱其阻碍作用。研究结论证实制度落差对跨国技术转移具有差异化影响,有助于拓展跨国技术转移研究,并为相关部门从制度落差视角指导中国技术引进实践提供参考。     

区域科技创新与数字经济耦合协调研究

基于2012—2019年中国内地30个省市面板数据,引入耦合理论,分析区域科技创新能力、数字经济发展水平以及两者间的耦合协调度。研究结果显示,区域科技创新能力与数字经济发展态势良好,其中,R&D活动和数字产业化程度对两者影响显著;两者间的耦合协调度在大部分地区表现为从低耦合阶段逐步进入磨合阶段或者高耦合阶段,区域耦合协调度差异较大,整体上东南地区优于西北地区。针对耦合现状,提出当前仍需不断优化要素配置、调整政策侧重点、加强区域协作等政策建议。     

DEVELOPMENT AS FREEDOM v - v AND AS WHAT ELSE?

To what extent can Amartya Sen's ideas on freedom, especially his conceptualization of development as freedom, enrich feminist economics? Sen's notion of freedom (as the capability to achieve valued ends) has many attractions and provides important opportunities to analyze gender inequalities. At the same time, Sen's recent emphasis on freedom as the dominant value in judging individual well-being and societal development also contains risks, not least for feminist analysis. We characterize the risks as an underelaboration and overextension of the concept of freedom. Drawing on Sen's earlier work and various feminist theorists, we suggest instead a more emphatically pluralist characterization of capability, well-being, and value, highlighting the distinct and substantive aspects of freedom, as well as of values besides freedom, in the lives of women and men. We illustrate this with reference to women's economic role as caregivers.     

论法律人格的历史变迁及发展趋势

人格理论的变迁，经历了一个历史的进程。罗马法以人的身份作为界定人主体资格的标准；法国民法以人的理性作为人的主体依据；德国民法以权利能力作为民法上人的资格。近代民法创立了抽象人格理论，现代民法开始关注于具体人格的保护。