企业研发决策、政府资助方案及最优资助配比

本文对企业和政府在企业研发决策中研发组织方式进行了理论分析,研究了不同市场和不同决策下的政府的资助方案及最优资助配比。研究发现,在独立研发的情况下,封闭市场需要政府资助诱导企业私人研发的投入,且最优配比为1:2;出口导向型市场政府资助对企业私人研发的投入无诱导作用;进口导向型市场企业无需政府资助亦会进行私人研发投入。在产学研合作的情况下,封闭市场中支付学研机构的研发费用率k和政府资助s满足(1+s)(1-k)=1.5时达最优资助配比。     

辽宁省种植业比较优势产业分析与选择

该文以比较优势理论和比较优势产业测算方法为基础,运用《辽宁省统计调查年鉴》等文献资料的数据,分析了辽宁省各地区种植业中的主要农作物相对于全省的比较优势,并对辽宁省不同地区的优势产业进行了选择,进一步促进了辽宁省种植业的发展和农业综合生产能力的提高。     

近十年陕北耕地资源变化与粮食安全分析

该文以包括榆林市和延安市的陕北地区为研究对象,对陕北地区1996～2006年耕地动态变化与粮食生产情况进行分析研究。选择最小人均耕地面积和压力指数模型法,在分析陕北地区1996～2006年间耕地、人口、粮食动态变化的基础上,总结了该区域最小人均耕地面积和耕地压力的变化特点:陕北地区最小人均耕地面积的平均值是0.219hm2,耕地压力指数的平均值K是1.389。K值远大于1,因此耕地压力较大。在以上基础上提出了保障陕北地区耕地动态平衡与粮食安全生产的一些建议。     

重庆市统筹城乡发展的运行机制及经验启示

该文介绍了重庆统筹城乡发展的运行机制,即在政府和市场的共同作用下,通过资源配置机制来实现资源要素在城市和农村之间的合理流动和优化配置,同时以完善的制度体系和法律体系为保障机制,以动力机制为"推进器",通过城乡联系和相互作用,最终实现城乡统筹发展。重庆城乡统筹的主要经验概括起来是充分发挥政府的作用、加强城乡联系与互动、加强区域合作。     

外出农民工的土地处置方式及其影响因素研究——基于江苏省的调研数据

研究目的：将外出农民工的土地处置方式分为家庭耕种、土地流转和抛荒三种,对农民工选择每种方式的影响机理进行理论分析和实证检验。研究方法：问卷调查法和多项选择模型回归分析。研究结果：（1）69.89%的农民工选择家庭耕种的处置方式,土地流转和抛荒的比例相对较小;（2）家庭人口数与土地的家庭耕种之间存在显著的正相关关系;随着人力资本状况的改善、工资水平和就业稳定性的增加、回家路程时间的延长,农民工选择土地流转或抛荒的可能性将显著上升;（3）农民工进城之前从事过农业生产的经历将显著降低土地抛荒的概率。研究结论：要重视对农村土地制度变革的前瞻性研究;改善农民工在城市中的就业状况,促进土地流转市场的发育和完善。     

Comparative Advantage Indices of Selected Livestock Production Sectors in Brunei Darussalam

Abstract

This study calculates the protection rates and comparative advantage indices of livestock industry in Brunei from an import substitution perspective. Four livestock sub-sectors were being evaluated: broiler, layer, goat and beef cattle. Two measures of government intervention indices were calculated, namely nominal protection rate (NPR) and effective protection rate (EPR). Domestic resource cost (DRC) and resource cost ratio (RCR) indices were computed to determine the comparative advantages of the livestock industry. In general, the results indicate that the livestock industry in Brunei was heavily protected. The study revealed the existence of comparative advantage only for very large farms producing poultry meat and eggs. Similarly in the ruminant sector, goat production appears to have comparative advantage over beef cattle. Small and medium poultry farms and large non-ruminant farms and cattle beef production possess comparative disadvantage despite being highly protected industries.     

Deterministic evolutionary dynamics: A unifying approach

We tackle three components of evolutionary modelling: payoffs, dynamical systems and equilibrium concepts. Firstly, we merely require that fitness functions are continuous. Secondly, we examine very general classes of dynamics. Thirdly, we give useful parallels to the Nash equilibrium and the evolutionarily stable strategy. Under (weakly) sign-compatible dynamics the change in population share of every (at least one) subgroup present in the population corresponds in sign with its relative fitness. At a saturated equilibrium, each subgroup with positive population share has highest fitness. We examine two evolutionary stability concepts: the evolutionarily stable equilibrium and the generalized evolutionarily stable state.     

Theoretical analysis and model design of search for ecological conservation redlines based on the sensitivity assessment of ecosystem services

Most small-scale social economies are characterised by their deficiency, lack, and/or difficulty in matching natural data. Against this backdrop, this paper builds a relatively uniform theoretical framework and designs a more economical and objective method for demarcating ecological conservation redlines (ECR) based on sensitivity assessment of ecosystem services. The results show that the sensitivity assessment model designed in this study can identify sensitive zones effectively, and that the ECR in Hubei Province are well within the sensitive zones so identified. The delimited areas based on the sensitive assessment of ecosystem services have great similarities (95%) with the actual ECR areas in Hubei Province. The most ecologically important functional zones (EIFZ) can also be identified using the regional ecological sensitivity coefficient. When the threshold of EIFZ is set higher, the probability that it falls within the ecologically sensitive areas is greater and the ECR delimited by the method proposed in this study will be more reliable. Theoretically, the delimitation of ECR can be inserted at any evaluation level with a grid resolution higher than that of the land use data, which can be used as a supplement to the ECR delimitation method in ecology or geography.     

The implementation of monetary policy in New Zealand: What factors affect the 90-day bank bill rate?

This paper discusses the implementation of monetary policy in New Zealand and its flow-on effects on the 90-day bank bill rate over the 1999–2005 period. The effects of external factors are considered as well. Our findings indicate that the maturity spectrum ratio exerted a positive effect on the 90-day bank bill rate while the allotment ratio did not. This interest rate had a tendency to revert to the level set by its Australian counterpart, though at a relatively slow speed. No such link exists between the NZ 90-day rate and the U.S. 90-day rate. Neither the maturity spectrum nor the allotment ratio contributed to the volatility of the most important short-term interest rate in New Zealand.