When Paradigms Meet: Interacting Perspectives on Evaluation in the Non‐Profit Sector

This study examines a public debate in Australia, arising from a national government report, around how social contribution in the nonprofit sector should be assessed. Guided by several meta‐perspectives on evaluation, we identify connections between foundational assumptions and normative positions on evaluation espoused by non‐profit organizations (NPOs), and examine the ways in which the inter‐paradigmatic context of the non‐profit sector contributes to the emergence of NPOs’ different normative positions on evaluation. We conclude that particular paradigmatic orientations of NPOs (positivism, interpretivism, constructivism) lead to particular perspectives on how NPOs should engage with alternative paradigms (monism, impartial pluralism, radical pluralism).     

合作网络范式下集团财务资源配置：属性、系统框架与协作机制

随着企业集团由科层范式向网络范式转变,实现集团网络内的协同效应是提升集团财务资源配置效率、核心竞争力和实现集团目标的关键所在.首先,结合集团合作网络本质属性,在协同理论和企业资源理论基础上,对集团财务资源进行重新界定,将协同能力视为集团异质性整合资源;其次,将影响集团财务资源配置内部影响因素分为三个层面五个维度,论证集团战略与财务资源配置的互动关系;最后,构建集团财务配置的系统框架,并通过三个层面子系统的协作机制整合优化集团财务资源,以实现企业集团整体价值的提升.     

Tourist experiences,phenomenographic analysis,post‐postivism and neural network software

This paper argues that tourist experiences are essentially individualistic, although it is possible to discern consensual realties. It follows the viewpoint that positivistic research methodologies contain limitations in not being able to define the nature of individual tourist experience, and suggests that phenomenographic analysis may be one approach that permits both a revelation of individual experience while permitting model building of the shared consensus of what is actually happening. More tentatively it is suggested that, when allied with the use of current developments in software, such as that of CATPAC™, a post‐positivist paradigm of research results. Some results of research using this approach are indicated. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

土地产权三维界定的技术路线及其评论

研究目的：对已有研究文献涉及土地产权三维界定的技术路线进行结构性把握,梳理研究脉络与趋势,以期为土地产权三维界定在研究方法和范式上的改进提供思路。研究方法：文献分析法、比较分析法。研究结果：从理论基础、界定起点和界定方案看,国内外学界对土地产权三维界定大致存在三条技术路线：基于空间分离原理的技术路线、基于空间区分原理的技术路线和基于三维地籍原理的技术路线,分别反映了法学和地籍学对土地产权形态和产权客体进行三维界定的技术方案。研究结论：未来应将土地产权形态与产权客体三维界定统一起来,厘清其内在逻辑与生成路径,深化三维土地产权客体特定化实现机制、国家公权力植入三维土地产权实现机制和三维土地产权排他性支配机制研究,加快构建三维土地产权范式。     

基于SCP范式论我国出口信用保险业的有效竞争

我国出口信用保险业的市场化问题一直存在争议。文章根据产业组织理论SCP框架对我国出口信用保险市场的企业行为及市场绩效进行考察后认为,促进该行业的有效竞争将有助于从根本上改善企业行为,从而提高市场绩效。文章指出,应首先区分出口信用保险两类不同性质的业务（自然垄断性业务和竞争性业务）,根据不同业务性质制定差异化的政府监管战略,控制出口信用保险业务的市场化节奏,从而总体上使行业处于有效竞争状态。     

我国物流理论发展与现存问题的研究

为推动对物流理论的学习与拓展,对我国物流产业发展进行了研究。分析了我国物流产业及理论的现存问题。着重研究了运用SCP理论、运筹学的库存理论和现代物流网络理论对其问题的解决方案。并分析了SCP理论、运筹学的库存理论和现代物流网络理论在我国物流理论的应用上存在的不足。     

“三维”外语写作教学范式的构建与应用——以英语电子邮件为例

外语写作教学承载着培养学生外语书面表达技能的重任,随着社会文化的发展和科学技术的进步,外语写作教学范式也经历了相应的变迁.本文在辩证分析各范式的基础上提出了由结果(语篇)维度、过程(能力)维度和交际策略维度构成的“三维”范式框架及其内容体系,并以英语电子邮件为例进行了新范式的应用实践,以期解决教学实践中单个范式应用效果不理想的问题.     

A comparison of regret-based and utility-based discrete choice modelling – an empirical illustration with hospital bed choice

There is some concern that the unobserved preference heterogeneity in random utility maximization theory-based discrete choice experiment modelling is an important source of error variability. The randomness in utility is often interpreted as interpersonal preference heterogeneity but it can also be intrapersonal random variation in preferences. We compare utility maximization and regret minimization-based choice models’ sensitivity to individual heterogeneity, examine differences between two consecrated models and validate with empirical illustrations. We use frequency of category (public, semi-private, and private) of bed chosen from Swiss cross-sectional datasets (2007–2012) to compare two approaches – utility maximization and regret minimization by applying multinomial logit (MNL) models in regard to the variances in utility (regret) function, goodness-of-fit and predicted marginal effects (pseudo-elasticity) of additional payment. We find parameters with the same sign and estimates with almost same order of magnitude in both the approaches. The statistical significance of attribute effects is consistent in all variants of utility -based MNL models while effects of different attributes are significant only in heteroskedastic extreme value (HEV) variant of regret-based MNL models. This empirical illustration suggests that HEV variant of regret-based models perform better in capturing attribute effects in choice behaviour.     

从SCP范式看我国快递产业的发展

从产业发展的整体水平来看,目前中国的快递业正处于产业发展的快速期,并且在新《邮政法》的实施下,将出现新的市场格局。本文在SCP产业组织理论的框架下分析当前的中国快递产业,并在此基础上提出对应的建议。     

货币经济学新范式下我国货币政策对信贷的影响

本文首先介绍并对比了传统货币经济学与新范式所持的观点,指出在由货币政策到信贷的传导过程中两者观点的主要不同之处在于传导方式和影响程度,新范式认为银行行为决定信贷总量并且在货币政策向信贷的传导过程中存在多种效应。其次基于VAR模型对我国货币政策对信贷量的影响进行了实证研究,结果表明新范式观点在我国现阶段基本正确。最后提出了相应的政策建议:在法定存款准备金政策的运用上,要把握稳、准、狠的原则;在利率政策的运用上,要着重强调对存贷利差的调节,引导银行的贷款行为。